FORM ONE BIOLOGY
By the end of form one work, the learner should be able to:
- Define Biology
- List the branches of Biology
- Explain the importance of Biology
- State and explain some of the characteristics of organisms
- State and explain some of the general characteristics of organisms
- Explain the external features of plants and animals
- Write down the difference between plants and animals
- Define classification
- Use the magnifying lens to observe the external features of plants and animals
- Record observations of the main external features of plant leaf form
- Draw different types of leaf forms
- Observe, record, and draw the main external features of plants
- Observe, record, and draw the main external features of animals
- State the necessity and significance of classification
- Name the major units of classification
- Name the five kingdoms of living things
- List the taxonomic units in plant and animal kingdoms
- Classify maize and human beings
- Define Binomial nomenclature
- State the principles of Binomial nomenclature in naming organisms
- Use collecting nets, cutting instruments, and hand lens
- Preserve collected specimens
- Observe and group collected and preserved specimens according to their similarities
- Define a cell
- Draw and label the light microscope
- Identify parts of the light microscope and state their functions
- Describe how to care for a light microscope
- Describe how a light microscope is used
- Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under a light microscope
- Calculate the magnification of objects as seen under a light microscope
- Observe a prepared slide under a light microscope
- Prepare a temporary slide of onion epidermis and observe it under a light microscope
- Draw and label plant and animal cells as seen under an electron microscope
- Describe the structure and function of the cell
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Describe the structure and function of the cell organelles
- Estimate the size of a cell as seen in the field of view of a microscope
- Write down the differences between plant and animal cells
- Write down similarities between plant and animal cells
- List specialized plant and animal cells
- State the modifications and functions of specialized cells
- Define tissues, organs, and organ systems
- Give examples of tissues, organs, and organ systems
- Define the term cell physiology
- Describe the structure and properties of the cell membrane
- Define diffusion
- Carry out experiments to demonstrate:
- Diffusion in liquids
- Diffusion in gases
- Explain the factors affecting diffusion
- Explain the role of diffusion in living things
- Define osmosis
- Describe movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane
- Define and describe the terms used in the study of osmosis such as:
- Osmotic pressure
- Osmotic potential
- Isotonic solution
- Hypertonic solution
- Hypotonic solution
- Turgor pressure
- Hemolysis
- Wall pressure
- Plasmolysis
- Deplasmolysis
- Carry out an experiment on selective permeability of membrane
- State factors affecting osmosis
- Explain the role of osmosis in organisms
- Explain the factors affecting osmosis
- Describe what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution
- Carry out an experiment to show plasmolysis in epidermal cells of an onion bulb
- Describe osmosis of animal cells in a hypertonic solution
- List factors affecting active transport
- Define active transport
- Define the role of active transport in living things
- Define nutrition
- Write down the importance of nutrition
- List the modes of feeding in organisms
- Draw and label the external structure of a leaf
- Draw and label the internal structure of the leaf
- Name the parts of a leaf
- State the functions of the parts of a leaf
- Define photosynthesis
- Draw and label the chloroplast
- Describe the process of photosynthesis
- List the importance of photosynthesis
- Explain some of the factors influencing photosynthesis
- Explain the factors affecting photosynthesis
- Explain how the leaf is adapted to the process of photosynthesis
- Test the presence of starch in a green leaf
- Investigate whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
- Investigate whether light is necessary for photosynthesis
- Carry out an experiment to investigate whether:
- Carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis
- Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis
- Define chemicals of life
- List types of carbohydrates
- Write down properties and functions of monosaccharides
- Define disaccharides
- List properties and functions of disaccharides
- Define hydrolysis and condensation
- Define polysaccharides and lipids
- Write down the properties of polysaccharides and lipids
- Carry out tests on:
- Starch
- Reducing sugars
- Non-reducing sugar
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamin C
- Write down the properties and functions of proteins
- Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
- Define enzymes
- Write down the properties and functions of enzymes
- Know the naming of the enzymes and their substrates
- Explain the importance of enzymes
- Carry out experiments on:
- Effect of temperature on enzymes
- Effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of a reaction
- Effect of pH on enzyme activities
- Define heterotrophism
- List the different modes of heterotrophism and describe them
- Define dentition
- Draw and label different types of teeth
- Describe the structure of a tooth
- Identify different types of teeth
- Describe the adaptations of the teeth to their functions
- Define dental formulae
- Describe and write down the dental formulae of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores
- Write down the definition of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores
- Explain the adaptations of dental formulae in various groups of animals to their mode of feeding
- Draw and label the internal structure of different types of teeth
- Write down the functions of the different parts of the internal structure of teeth
- Name and discuss common dental diseases
- Write down the adaptations of herbivores to their mode of feeding
- Write down the adaptations of carnivores to their modes of feeding
- Identify various organs associated with the digestive system of a rabbit
- Draw and label parts of the human digestive system
- Describe the regions of the alimentary canal of the human digestive system
- Explain the functions of the human digestive system
- Describe the various regions of the human alimentary canal and their functions
- Describe how the ileum is adapted to its function
- Analyze the food content in the alimentary canal of a herbivore
- Carry out an experiment on the breakdown of starch by diastase enzymes
- Describe how the ileum is further adapted to its functions
- Explain the end products of the digestion of various foods
- Explain the function of the colon
- Explain the process of assimilation of food substances
- Write down the summary of chemical digestion in the alimentary canal
- Write down the importance of vitamins in human nutrition
- Write down the sources of vitamins
- State deficiency diseases of various vitamins
- Write down the importance of mineral salts in human nutrition
- State the sources of mineral salts
- State the deficiency diseases of mineral salts
- Write down the role of roughage in nutrition
- Write down the role of water in nutrition
- Discuss factors which determine energy requirements in human beings
- Participate in group discussions and present findings on factors that determine energy requirements in human beings
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