LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING) QUESTIONS
This topic entails the following:
- Description of reproduction
- Description of reproduction systems
- Selection f breeding stock
- Description of breeding system.
- Identification of livestock on heat
- Description of methods used in serving livestock.
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and help the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices.
1. State four ways of minimizing disowning of lambs by ewes
2. State the gestation period of the following farm animals
i) Pigs
ii) Rabbits
3. i) What is selection in live stock production
ii) State three methods used in selection of livestock
4. Give four signs of heat observed on female rabbit
5. Name four meat breeds of rabbits
6. State four reasons for cutting a breeding boar
7. List the methods of selection in livestock
8. Define the following terms as used in livestock breeding
i) Heterosis
ii) Epistasis
9. State three signs of heat in Does (Female Rabbits)
10. Give the gestation period of the following:
i) Cow
ii) Sow
11. State three disadvantages of natural methods of mating in cattle breeding
12. a) Explain the advantage of battery cage system of rearing layers
b) Outline ten factors considered when selecting dairy cattle for breeding
13. What is upgrading as used in livestock production?
14. Define the word breech of birth as used in livestock production
15. What does the term “drift lambing’ mean in livestock production?
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING) ANSWERS
1.
- Steaming up of ewes to have milk to be suckled
- Use of lambing pens
- Ewes as made to recognize lambs after lambs
- Blind folding ewes to activate maternal instinct
- Attend/ treat inflamed udders/ painful
2.
- Pig 112 – 15 days
Rabbits 28 – 32 days
3 (i) Selection.
– It is the process of allowing certain animals to be the parents of the future generations while
culling others;
(ii) Methods used in selection.
- Mass selection;
- Progeny testing;
- Contemporary comparison;
4. – Restless.
– Frequent urination.
– Swollen vulva.
– The doe throws itself on its side.
– She (does rubs herself against the wall or any other solid object.
– The doe tries to contact other rabbits in the next hutch by peeping through the cage walls.
5. four meat breeds of rabbits
- Flemish giant
- California white
- New Zealand white
- Ear lop
- chinchilla
6. four reasons for cutting a breeding boar
- Bareness/loss of Libido
- Loss of sight, limb, cannot mate
- Old age
- Perpetual sickness/contract
- Reproductive diseases
- Aggressiveness/wildness
7. – Mass
- Progerry testing
- Comparison
8. (i) Heterosis- Increased vigour/ performance resulting from mating two superior unrelated Breeds
(ii) Epitasis- Is a combination of genes that individually could have been both undesirable
or inferior
9.
- Heat signs in rabbits (doe)
- The doe throws itself on its sides
- She rubs herself against walls or solid objects
- Tries to contact other rabbits in the next hutch (peeping)
- Restlessness
- Swollen vulva
- Frequent urination
10. Gestation periods of :- Cow 270 – 285 days
Sow – 113 117 days
11. Disadvantages of natural mating
- A lot of semen is wasted
- High chances of inbreeding
- Large males can injure small females
- Expensive to transport bull over long distance
- May need extra pasture, extra cost
12. a) the advantage of battery cage system of rearing layers
- Higher egg production due to less energy wastage by birds
- Accurate egg production records re kept
- Cannibalism and egg eating are controlled
- Eggs are clean
- Allows for mechanization
- Birds do not contaminate food and water
- Makes handling easy as birds are restricted within small areas
- Discourages broodiness
- Increases the sticking rate
- Sick birds can easily be isolated
- The wire floor prevails re-infection on the parasites, worms and coccidiosi
- There is no bully during feedings
- There is low labour requirement (1×10=10mks)
b) Outline ten factors considered when selecting dairy cattle for breeding
- age-young animals have longer productive live and are more productive and
Economical to keep than old animals
- level of performance-animals with highest production level be kept
- health-consider animals which are less susceptive to disease
- body confirmation go for ones well people dairy characteristics
- temperature/behaviour select only decline animals which are easy to handle mothering ability
- adaptable under suitability to the environment
- prolycacy ability to give built to many off springs at a time
- physical defects
- quality of products (1×10=10mks)
13. A type of mating where the female of low grade is mated to a pure bred sire of
superior quality (1mk)
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