2ND TERM JSS2 FINE ART Scheme of Work and Note

SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ART CLASS: JSS 2

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Craft

2. Rehearsal

3. Dance

4. Musical Instruments

5. Painting (Theory andPractical)

6. Review of Scales Construction.

7. Identification of Musical Terms and Signs.

8. Nigerian Art Composers.

9. Revision

10. Examination

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS

• A Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi& other Co Authors (Book 1,2, and 3).
• Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Arts by G.F. Ibrahim (Book 2).

PROJECT

1. Dye a white cotton fabric of two dye stuffs in tie and dye. (use the circle tie method).
2. Paint a composition of fruits on white cardboard paper.

WEEK 1 DATE………………………………

TOPIC CRAFT

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION:

Crafts practised in Nigeria by various craftsmen or artisans require the use of various materials, tools and equipment to bring out the desired object out of raw materials. Apart from the tools and equipment, the raw materials required increating the various craftworks are quite important. The materials, tools and equipment required in craft making are presented below in a tabular form.

EVALUATION

1. State all that is required in tie and dye.
2. What is the function of the kiln in pottery?

READING ASSIGNMENT

Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors.(Book 1)

REFERENCE PAGE: Pages 14 – 20.

Attempt the revision questions.

Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2,pages 10- 12.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Cloth weaving that entails interlacing yarns takes place on what equipment. (a) Loom (b) Canvas (c) Turning wheel (d) Street
2. Which of these set of materials is suitable for weaving? (a) Grasses, cane, thread, raffia (b) Rubber , straw, tissue paper, clay (c) Cotton, raffia, palm fronds , wood (d) Cane ,grasses , paper, iron
3. A Wood Carver needs which of these tools to bring out the desired beauty and form on a log of wood. (a) Mallet and Chisel (b) Scissors (c) Tjanting (d) Knife only
4. The weft, warp, shuttle and batten are associated with ……(a) cane works (b) mat weaving (c) cloth weaving (d) embroidery
5. The process of centering, pulling, opening and bulging of a clay ball takes place on what equipment in pottery.(a) Kiln (b) Throwing wheel (c) Pug mill (d) Jigger jolly

THEORY

1. State the basic raw material required by a potter for modeling ceramic waves in 3-D format

   on the potter’s wheel.

2. Explain the local craft pottery.

WEEK TWO DATE………………………………….

TOPIC: REHEARSAL

CONTENT

DEFINITION: Rehearsal is a session of exercise, drill or practice of a play and any other event in preparation for a later public performance.

PURPOSE OF DRAMA REHEARSAL: Rehearsal facilitates perfection among the members or players expected to perform theactual play, dance and song on stage at a later day and time before the audience.

ACTIVITIES OF REHEARSAL

1. READING: Activity 1: The players read and memorize their lines from the script without movement or demonstration.
2. MOVEMENT: Activity 2: The players put in some body movement to conform with their respective lines read previously.
3. ACTING:Activity 3: The players show the real attitude of the character.
4. EXPRESSION, COMMUNICATION ANDVOICE PRODUCTION: Activity 4: The players are trained in the right expressions that match their lines in the script and well trained in terms of voice production. They are also exposed to various cues or signals like action which means begin, cut which means stop , standing by LQ38 (A lighting cue or signal). ‘Go’ as a command language comes at the end of a cue call with the light board operator replying standing or standing by.

STAGES OF REHEARSAL

1. READING:Stage 1: Reading is done from the script. Compare reading as activity of rehearsal.
2. BLOCKING:Stage 2: The precise staging of the actors in order to facilitate a play, song,ballet and opera. It is also the physical arrangement of the players on the stage or film set before reading and movement are done simultaneously. From another perspective, blocking is the process of matching words with appropriate actions simultaneously.
3. POLISHING OR RUN THROUGH:Stage 3: The players fine their performance by quickly running through their lines from the script when scenes are not yet perfected, which is done selectively.
4. COMPLETE DRESS AND TECHNICAL:Stage 4: All the necessary costumes, make ups, set(stage),props, lighting effect and other technical equipment are put into use during the final rehearsal. All the items are used in complete dress and technical usually a day to the final production. Complete dress and technical is necessary to enable members of the technical crew test run their equipment and put faulty equipment in order before they are introduced to the targeted audience.

EVALUATION

1. What is rehearsal?
2. Mention the four activities and stages of rehearsal respectively.
3. Explain any two activities and stages of rehearsal you know.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Proper Approach toCultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors.(Book 1, 2 and 3)

REFERENCE PAGE:Pages 79 – 81. Attempt the revision questions on page 82.Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages 93-96.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. State the notes on the keyboard and their values.
2. Show the difference between the treble and bass clef in diagrams.
3. Identify these names of musical sign and their functions. (i) Sharp (ii) Flat (iii) Natural sign (iv) Double flat (v) Double sharp
4. How many lines and spaces make up a musical staff?
5. Mention the seven English alphabets in music.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ………is the main reason why the players rehearse a play before the actual public performance. (a) Perfection (b) Imperfection (c) Entertainment (d) Skill acquisition
2. Another word for polishing in drama rehearsal is (a) run in (b) run through (c)run off line (d) on call
3. Which one these crew members in drama rehearsal pays keen attention to each player as he or she reads the lines from the script and makes instant correction when an error is made? (a) Cameraman (b) Make- up artist (c) Prompter (d) Director
4. What stage of drama rehearsal involves a precise staging of the actors and actresses in order to facilitate a play? (a) Blocking (b) Dress and technical (c) Reading (d) Polishing
5. On what material do the actors and actresses read and memorize their lines from. (a) Manuscript (b) Script (c) Newspaper (d) Journal

THEORY

1. Define rehearsal.
2. State the four stages of rehearsal.

WEEK THREE DATE………………………………

TOPIC: DANCE

CONTENT

DEFINITION:

Dance is a series of steps and movements that match with the speed and rhythm of a piece of music. It is the rhythmical movement of the body in space and time that blends with the rhythm and pattern of the music.

MEANING OF DANCE AS A NOBLE CAREER AND PROFESSION

Dance as a career is referred to as an indoor and outdoor activity through which dancers and

choreographers earn a living. Dance is a good profession and a worthwhile venture, since the members of the audience are entertained and derive satisfaction when watching the dancers and choreographers perform the dance. Dancers are highly respected and that is what makes dance a noble profession.

According to a research conducted by a team,dancers and choreographers held about 28,000 jobs in 2012. About 29 percent of dancers wereself employed,30percent of dancers worked in performing art companies, and about 67percent of dancers worked in private institution.Sometimes, many owners of dance companies embarked on a tour for part of the year, while dancers and choreographers travelled for months at a time.

Dance is a highly competitive profession as only a small percentage of dancers can actually find a steady job in dancing. Dancers and choreographers encounter stiff competition as the number of applicants vastly exceeds the number of job openings. Suffice to say that dancers who were trained in dance schools or conservatories stand a better chance of getting a job in a dance company than others who acquired the skills through personal development or were trained by a dance instructor.Dancers would have to audition for a part along with other dancers. As an addendum, most dancers engage in other jobs. Theatrical performances and musical shows are the commonly sought after jobs for dancers. Theatrical shows are usually presented by dance troupes in large theatres. Dancers equally participate in musical shows that are presented through the TV media.

PLACES WHERE DANCERS AND CHOREOGRAPHERS CAN WORK

They include:

1. Government Art Councils
2. Dance Theatre
3. Performing Art Company (A Dance Company)
4. Private Institution

In conclusion, dance can be a lifetime career to interested individuals who are willing to develop in the art of dancing and those already practicing the art of dancing.

NAME OF POPULAR DANCERS IN NIGERIA

1. OnomeIlovoghe( He is a top hip hop dancer ,choreographer, dance instructor and entertainer who hails from Delta State and was born in Lagos state).Other top popular Nigerian dance styles and the originators include famous Nigerian musicians. They are as follows;
2. Wizkid popularized azonto ,althoughazonto was created in Ghana.
3. Daddy Showkey invented the dance style galala.
4. Marvelous Benji invented the dance style suo.
5. Olu Maintain brought about yahooze.
6. Artquake invented the alanta dance.
7. Davido invented the dance style skelewu.
8. Iyanyainvented the dance style kurukere.
9. Mc galaxy invented the dance style sekem.

NAMES OF DANCE ARTISTES OUTSIDE NIGERIA

EVALUATION

1. What is dance?
2. Briefly discuss dance as a noble career and profession.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is colour?
2. Mention five classes of colour you know and explain.
3. Identify the three properties of colour and explain.
4. What is motif?
5. State three things required in painting and their function.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co- Authors.

(Book 2)

REFERENCE PAGE:Pages 88 – 8 7.

Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages 98-99.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ………is the skillful movement of the body in accordance with the rhythm of the music. (a) Drama (b) Dance (c) Music (d) Singing
2. Which one of the following is NOT a place where dancers can find a steady job? (a) Government Art Council (b) Performing Art Company (c) National Museum (d) Dance Schools or Conservatories
3. The process of designing sequence of rhythmic movements uniformly or the arrangement of the movement of the dance in uniform style is called …… (a) drama (b) choreography (c) body synchronization (d) None of the above.
4. Which one of these institutions can people attend to learn the art of dancing?
   1. Dance School or Conservatories (b) Church (c) Mosque (d) Art Gallery

5. Dance is a noble career and profession.(a)True (b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure

THEORY

1. Mention two indigenous dancers in Nigeria.
2. In a short sentence, state how dance is a noble career and profession.

WEEK FOUR DATE……………………

TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS:There are basically two types of musical instruments namely; (i) Western Musical Instruments (ii) African Musical Instruments.

1. WESTERN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

   The Western instruments belong to the string family,wind and percussion family.STRINGED INSTRUMENTS (Chordophones): The stringed instruments are instruments in which sound is produced by the vibration of stretched strings and are classified below:
   

   1. Bowed instruments: The bowed instruments are played by bowing the strings with a bow to produce vibrated sounds while the pitches are stopped with the fingers of the left hand on the finger board. E.g. viola, violin, cello, double bass.
   2. Plucked instruments: The plucked instruments are played by plucking the strings with a plectrum and also the finger to produce vibrated sounds. E.g. Guitar, harp, lute, zither, lute, banjo, lyre and mandolin.
   3. Hammered instruments: The hammered instrument like piano is played by hammered strings. Vibrated sounds are equally produced while playing the piano.

2. WIND INSTRUMENTS (Aerophones): Wind instruments are played by blowing air through them to make sound. The sound production is by the vibration of air in the tube either directly by the player or indirectly by the bellows. The pitch of the musical sound that is produced depends solely on the length of the tube. The wind instruments are classified into two groups namely;
   1. Wind family: Examples include the wood wind instruments like the flute, oboe, piccolo, recorder, coranglais, clarinet, bassoon and English horn.
   2. Brass family: Examples include the trumpet, French horn, saxophone, tuba, trombone, euphonium and cornet.
3. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS(Membranophones and Idiophones): Percussion instruments produce sounds when played by shaking, striking, rubbing and beating. Percussion instruments are both definite pitched and indefinite pitched instruments. Examples are timpani or kettle drum,bass drum and other locally made drums like the snare drums, gangan(talking drums), tambourine, xylophone, metal gong, triangle,sekere or calabash shaker etc.
4. AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS: Musical instruments under this category are basicallyindigenous instruments locally made in Africa. It is a wide range of musical instruments like the kora, fiddles, bata drum etc.
   

AFRICAN AND WESTERN MUSICIAL INSTRUMENTS(DIFFERENCES)

1. PITCH: African musical instruments are both definite and indefinite pitched instrument while Western or European instruments are definite pitched instrument.
   
2. SOURCE: African musical instruments are locally mademusical instruments that are indigenous to the people of Africa and are of African origin whileWestern instruments are modernized musical instruments of the European or western origin.
   

EVALUATION

1. What are musical instruments?
2. List and explain the two types of musical instrument.
3. State a difference between Western and African musical instrument.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. Mention four musical instruments of the electrophone family.
2. What is collage?
3. Write short notes on these elements of drama.(i) Plot (ii) Diction (iii) Protagonist (iv) Antagonist (v) Characterization
4. Mention three functions of drama.
5. State two duties of the actors and actresses in drama.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors. (Book 1, 2, and 3)

Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages 77-82.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Which one of the following is a wood wind instrument of the aero phone family? (a) Flute (b) Violin (c) Trumpet (d) Saxophone
2. An African musical instrument that is played by shaking is …………..(a) Goje (b) Lute (c) Zither (d) Sekere (Calabash Shaker)
3. A Western musical instrument like the guitar has how many strings. (a) Six strings (b) Four strings (c) Three strings (d) None of the above.
4. Which one of these musical instruments is a brass instrument? (a) Saxophone (b) English horn (c) African flute (d) Synthesizers
5. Which one of these musical instruments is a stringed instrument of the chordophone family? (a) Trumpet (b) Saxophone (c) Harp (d) Kettle drum or Timpani

THEORY

1. Mention the two types of musical instrument.
2. State two brass instruments of the aero phone family.

WEEK FIVE DATE……………………..

TOPIC: PAINTING (THEORY)

CONTENT

DEFINITION: Painting is defined as the art that deals with the use of colours to express creative ideas on paper, canvas or wall through drawing, picture making or imaginative composition. Painting is a two dimensional art which is grouped under fine art.

FUNCTIONS OF PAINTING MEDIA

Painting materials or media include the following;

1. COLOUR:There are a variety of coloursin art like poster colour, water colour, crayon, oil based colour, acrylic colour and chalk pastel. They are used for painting or colouring the surface area of a cardboard, wall etc., with the intention of creating a pictorial composition.
2. FIXATIVE: Fixative is a liquid solvent that is applied on the surface of a charcoal drawing and chalk pastel painting expressed on cardboard in order to make them permanent.
   
3. LINSEED OIL:Linseed oil is used to dilute oil paint.
   
4. TURPENTINE: Turpentine is used to remove traces of paint on palette knife and paint brush.
   
5. CARDBOARD: A moderately thick paper where the idea of the artist is expressed through drawing and painting creatively.
   
6. PALETTE: Palette is a flat piece of wood used for mixing colours.
   
7. CANVAS: Canvas is the piece of cloth stuck to a wooden frame on which the painter expresses his painting in acrylic colour.
   

PAINTING TOOLS

Painting tools include the following;

1. PALETTE KNIFE: It is used for applying thick strokes of colour on a surface to create impasto effect.
   
2. HOG & SABLE BRUSH: Paint brushes are used for applying colours on the surface of cardboard,canvas, wall etc., in order to form a picture.
   

PAINTING EQUIPMENT

The painting equipment are as follows;

1. DONKEY BENCH: It is used for sitting and drawing. Mount the drawing board at one side of the donkey bench, place cardboard on it and begin the drawing exercise.
2. EASEL: Easel is a moveable support which has three legsand is purposely built for mounting the canvas.

EVALUATION

1. What is panting?
2. State two painting materials,tools and equipment and their functions.

HOW TO CARE FOR PAINTING ITEMS

1. POSTER COLOUR: Close the cover of paint containers to prevent penetration of air and caking of the liquid colours. Do not collect different colours from the bottles using the

   sameunwashed brush.

2. PALETTE KINFE: Wash the palette knives thoroughly and wipe clean with a cloth. Keep the palette knives in a tool kit.
3. PALETTE: Wash the palette immediately after use and dry. As a precautionary measure, keep the palette in a safe place
4. DRAWING BOARD: Do not use the drawing board as a cutting board in order to prevent scratches or roughness. Keep it safe after use.
5. CANVAS: Keep the canvas in a cool and dry place. Do not allow it get in contact with water.
6. EASEL: Carry the easel with care. Do not drag it on the floor to prevent damage. As a precautionary measure, return the easel back to the art studio after use.
7. DONKEY BENCH: Do not allow school children to use it as a play object to prevent damage. The donkey benches should be kept securely after the drawing and painting exercise.
8. EASEL: Keep the wooden easel in a safe place devoid of water. Handle it with care to prevent damage.
   
9. TURPENTINE/LINSEED OIL: These painting media or materials should be tightly closed after use to prevent spillage. Keep them in a safe, cool and dry place.
   

EVALUATION

1. How can the artist take care of the postercolour?
2. What precaution should be strictly followed in caring for the donkey bench.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is tie and dye?
2. List and explain any three principles of art and design.
3. State any three elements of art and design and explain.
4. What is eight degree of note in the scale of C major called?
5. Mention the white keys and tonicsolfas in the scale of C major.
6. Explain drama and theatre respectively.
7. What is rhythm in music?

READING ASSIGNMENT

Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors.(Book 1, 2, and 3)

REFERENCE PAGE : Pages 26– 31. Attemt the questions on page 32.

Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages 20-26.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. …………………….…………is purposely constructed for sitting and drawing. (a) Stool (b) Donkey bench (c) Couch (d) None of the above
2. A special kind of liquid that painters use to dilute oil paint is …………….(a) turpentine (b) linseed oil (c) fixative (d) water
3. ..……………is used to fix charcoal drawing and pastel painting expressed on the surface of cardboard for permanence. (a) Linseed oil (b) Fixative (c) Turpentine (d) Vanish
4. The painting material which is a special kind of a variety of colours in wax is called …………..(a) crayon (b) fixative (c) vanish (d) linseed oil
5. Professional painters mostly make use of one of these painting materials as a background support for painting. (a) Canvas (b) Cardboard (c) Crepe paper (d) Cartridge paper

THEORY

1. What is the most essential procedure to be carried out before painting with poster colour on the cardboard?
2. State the function of the paint brush.

WEEK SIX DATE………………………

TOPIC: REVIEW OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION

CONTENT

DEFINITION: Scale is a group or set of notes in succession. A scale comprises of a series of notes ascending and descending on the music stave.

TYPES OF MINOR SCALE

1. Melodic Minor Scale: The melodic minor scale is melodious and easy to sing. In melodic minor scale, semitones occur between the 2nd and 3rd, 7th and 8th degrees ascending. In descending order, accidentals involved are restored or naturalized. The descending melodic form represents the relative major scale of the minor scale.
2. Harmonic Minor Scale: Harmonic minor scale is a unified kind of scale in written music. In harmonic minor scale, semitones occur between the 2nd and 3rd,5th and 6th, 7thand 8thdegrees, with the intervals maintained in ascending and descending form.Inharmonic minor scale, there is an interval of an Augmented 2nd betweenthe 6th and 7th degrees.

EVALUATION

1. What is scale in music?
2. Mention the three types of minor scale.
3. Construct the following. (i) ‘D’ Melodic Minor Scale (ii) ‘E’ Harmonic Minor Scale

MAJOR SCALE

Major Scale is a scale consisting of a series of whole steps except for half steps between the 3rd and 4th, 7th and 8th degrees. In all major scales, semitones occur basically in the 3rd and 4th, 7th and 8th degreesin order to preserve the correct order of tones and semitones. Accidentals are usually introduced before a note to increase,lower and restore a note to its original pitch. They include musical signs like sharp( # ) , flat and natural sign. Certain keys are flattened with the sign (flat) introduced before the note or key to lower or reduce the pitch of the noteor key by a semitone. The table below shows the various keys used in written music and the keys flattened in the respective major scales.

Major Keys Number of Keys Flattened Keys Flattened

1. C major Nil Nil
2. F major 1 B
3. B flat major 2 BE
4. E flat major 3 BEA
5. A flat major 4 BEAD
6. D flat major 5 BEADG
7. G flat major 6 BEADGC

EVALUATION

1. What is major scale?

2. (i) Construct the scale of F major using accidental.

(iii)Construct the scale of D flat major with and without key signature.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1. What is time signature?
2. What are accidentals?
3. Explain key signature and cite examples of key signature otherwise known as accidental.
4. State three elements of musical sound.
5. What kind of simple time signature is a piece of music in the 2 time?

   4

READING ASSIGNMENT

Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors. (Book 1, 2, and 3)

Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages 84-86.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. A piece of music in the scale of D flat major has how many keys flattened.(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d)5
2. The musical signs in form sharp and flat that are introduced after the treble and bass clef of a music staff are generally called ………. (a) accidental (b) key signature (c) flat (d) sharp
3. In all major scales, semitones occur between the 3rd and 4th, 7th and 8th degrees. (a) True (b) False (c) Maybe (d) Not sure
4. What is referred to as the tonic solfa of the first degree of note in the scale of C major? (a) Do (b) Re (c) Mi (d) Fa
5. Which one of these is NOT a type of minor scale? (a) C Major Scale (b) Natural Minor Scale (c) Melodic Minor Scale (d) Harmonic Minor Scale

THEORY

1. Construct the scale of G flat major with and without key signature.
2. Construct the scale of E flat major with and without key signature.

WEEK SEVEN DATE………………………………

TOPIC: IDENTIFICATION OF MUSICAL TERMS AND SIGNS

Musical signs and abbreviations are used in music for effective performance.Composers usually give directions on the manner they want their music performed.The Italian composers were the first to write directions on their music and that the most of the musical terms presently used are of simple Italian words.However,some composers now write their music in the direction of their own languages.

TERMS FOR SPEED

1. Adagietto : Rather slow
2. Adagio : Slow
3. Adagissimo : Very Slow
4. Vivace: Quick ,lively
5. Vivacissimo: Very quick
6. Presto: Very quick
7. Moderato: At a moderate time
8. Adante: Slow (Walking pace)
9. Veloce: Quick, swift
10. Prestissmo: As fast as possible
11. Lento:Slow,slower than andante
12. Allegretto: Rather lively
13. Grare: Very slow, solemn
14. Largamente: Slow
15. Larghetto: Less slow than largo
16. Andantino: Alternatively faster or slow

TERMS FOR STRENGHT /INTENSITY

1. Forte(f): Loud
2. Fortissimo(ff):Very loud
3. Pianissimo (pp) : Very soft
4. Mezzo forte (mf): Moderately soft
5. Forza(fz) : Force,power
6. Forzando (fz) : Forcing ,accented
7. Mezzo piano (mp) : Moderately soft
8. Sforzando : Forcing, accented

TERMS FOR MODIFICATIONOF SPEED

1. Accelerando: Gradually becoming fast
2. Decrescendo: Gradually reducing force or loudness or gradually getting softer.
3. Ad libitum: At pleasure
4. Pocoa poco: Little by little
5. A tempo: Back to the original speed
6. A piacere: At pleasure
7. Allargando: Becoming gradually faster
8. Calando:Decreasing both tone and speed
9. Crescendo: Gradually becoming faster
10. Mancando:Dying away,waning
11. Doppiomouimento: Double the speed
12. Ritardando(Rit) : Becoming gradually slower
13. Ritenudo(Rit) Becoming gradually slower
14. Slagando or slentando: Becoming gradually slower
15. Tempo Guisto: In exact time
16. Tempo primo: Back to the original speed
17. Stretto: Becoming gradually faster
18. Rallentando(Rall) :Becoming gradually slower
19. Stringento: Becoming gradually faster, hurrying

TERMS OF EXPRESSION

1. Acapella: In church style or unaccompanied music
2. Agitato: Agitated
3. Anima: Soul
4. Animato: Animated
5. Legato: Play smoothly
6. Staccato: Short , detached sound
7. Marcia: March
8. Dolce: Dying away or fading away
9. Ca capo: Sweetly
10. Dal segno: Repeat from the beginning
11. Allargando: At the performer’s pleasure or convenience
12. Ad libitum: Little by little
13. Ritmico: Rhythmically
14. Poco: A little
15. Vigoroso: Vigorously
16. Fine: The end
17. Al fine: End the end
18. Calando: Getting softer and slower
19. Callando:Getting slower or broader
20. Cantabile: In a singing style
21. Mosso: Movement
22. Poco a poco: Little by little

ABBREVIATIONS OFMUSICAL ITALIANTERMS AND MEANING

ABBREVIATIONS TERMS MEANING

1. P Piano Soft
2. mp Mezzo Piano Moderately soft or half or medium soft
3. pp Pianissimo Very soft
4. mp Molto pianissimo Extremely soft
5. f Forte Loud
6. mf Mezzo forte Moderately or medium loud
7. ff Fortissimo Very loud
8. mf Molto forte Extremely loud
9. fp Forte piano Loud and instantly soft
10. Cres Crescendo Gradually getting louder
11. Dim Diminuendo Gradually getting softer
12. Accel Accelerando Gradually becoming faster
13. Rall Rallentando Gradually becoming slower
14. Rit Ritardando Gradually slower
15. Ad lib Ad libitum A little or at the performer’s pleasure.
16. D.c. Da capo Repeat from the beginning
17. D.s. Dal segno Repeat from the sign

SOME MUSICAL SIGNS

1. Long pause (LungaPausa) , fer meta
2. Dal segno (Repeat from the sign)
3. Stress or emphasis (Accent mark).
4. Crescendo (Gradually becoming louder).
5. Diminuendo ordecrescendo (Gradually becoming softer).
6. Repeat mark (Repeat the music within the bar or bars.
7. Treble or G clef ( A musical sign at the beginning of the stave(staff)which is fixed on line G of the music manuscript).
8. Bass or F clef (A musical sign at the beginning of the music staffwhich is fixed on line F of the music manuscript).

EVALUATION

1. Write the meaning of these terms in English.
   1. Mezzo forte
   2. Crescendo
   3. Allegro
   4. Accapella
   5. Pianissimo
2. What musical terms have the following meaning?
   1. Getting softer
   2. Smoothly
   3. The end
   4. Little by little
3. Write these abbreviations in full.
   1. Pp
   2. D.c.
   3. Rall
   4. Dim
   5. D.s.
4. Explain these musical terms.
   1. Piano
   2. Forte piano
   3. Mezzo forte
   4. Da capo
   5. Forte

READING ASSIGNMENT

Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors.(Book 1, 2, 3).

Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. What does the term ‘poco a poco’ mean?(a) Very quick (b) Very soft (c) Little by little

   (d) Becoming gradually faster.

2. The Italian term for soft is (a) forte (b) piano (c) allegro (d) andante
3. In music, the term legato means (a) softly (b) smoothly (c) fast (d) slow
4. Which one of the following is observed at the end of a music stave on the manuscript to show that the piece of music has ended?(a) Ledger line (b) Leger line (c) Double bar line (d) Bar line
5. A rather slow piece of music is what Italian term in music. (a) Adageitto (b) Forte (c) Fortissimo (d) Legato

THEORY

1. What does ‘acapella’ mean as a musical term?
2. State the meaning of the Italian word ‘ritardando’ in music.

WEEK EIGHT DATE………………………………………

TOPIC: NIGERIAN ART COMPOSERS

CONTENT

i. Notable Music Composers in Nigeria.

1. T.K.E. PHILLIPS: T.K.E. Phillips was born in the year 1884 and died on the 10th of July 1969.He served as a Nigerian organist,conductor and teacher of music.He was a foremost contemporary art musician in Nigeria.

WORKS: His works consist of a wide range of music pieces which he composed and recorded in audiotapes.

2. AYO BANKOLE: Ayo Bankole was born in the year 1935 and died in 1976.He had the privilege to study music and drama in London precisely at Guildhall School of Music and Drama.He was born into a musical family .His father Theophilus Abidun Bankole was an organist and choir master.He is from the same generation as Akin Ebua and he hailed from the yoruba region of South west Nigeria.

WORKS: Recorded music pieces on audio tapes etc.

EVALUATION

1.Discuss briefly on the life and death of T.K.E Phillips and Ayo Bankole.

2. Mention two works of T.K.E Phillips and Ayo Bankole respectively.

NIGERIAN ART COMPOSERS CONT.

3. AKIN EBUA: Akin Ebua was born on 28th April1935.He served as a composer,musicologist and pianist. Akin Ebua is a prolific Nigerian composer ,professor and author whose research has led him to formulate the theories of music and art.

WORKS: An intensive research which led to the creation of the theories of music and musical works.He achieved success in the art of composing music.

4. FELA SHOWANDE: OlufelaObafunmilayoShowande was born on 29th May 1905 and died 13th March 1987.He was born in Oyo state in Nigeria.He was a Musician and Composer. A Nigerian composer ,organist and professor of modern Nigeria Art. Fela Showande is no doubt the father of modern Nigerian art music and perhaps the most distinguished and internationally known African composer.

WORKS: Composer of works in the Chevailier Desaint Georges homestead.

EVALUATION

Write short notes on the life and works of Akin Ebua and Fela Showande respectively.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1.How did art penetrate the Nigeria school syllabus?

2.State three ways that music can impact the human race.

3.What is self control?

4.Mention four ways in which a person can exercise self control.

5.Define teamwork and mention four importance of teamwork.

1. What is the duty of the costumier?
2. Describe the audience in drama and theatre.
3. What is denouement?
4. Define art.
5. Mention five relevance of art in the society.
6. Mention the tonic solfas and their technical names in the scale of C major.

READING ASSIGNMENT

• Proper Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by Peter Akinyemi and other Co Authors. (Book 1,2,3)
• Modern Approach to Cultural and Creative Art by G.F. Ibrahim, Book 2, pages

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1………….is a famous Nigerian art composer who was born on 29^th May 1905 and died 13^th March 1987. (a) Akin Ebua (b) Fela Showande (c) T.K.E. Phillips (d) None of the above.

2.The life and death of Ayo Bankole was between ………..and……………….(a) 1935 to 1976 (b) 1935 to 1985 (c) 1979 to 1986 (d) None of the above.

3.Which of these Nigerian art composers studied in London at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama? (a) Akin Ebua (b) Ayo Bankole (c) Fela Showande (d) T.K.E Phillips

4…….…is said to be the father of modern Nigerian art music.(a) Fela Showande (b) Akin Ebua (c) Ayo Bankole (d) TK.E Phillips

5… ………is a famous musicologist ,painter andcomposer. (a) Akin Ebua (b) Ayo Bankole (c) Fela Showande (d) T.K.E Phillips

THEORY

1.List the four notable Nigerian art composers.

2.Highlight the works of Fela Showande

EVALUATION

1. List two musical forms you know.
2. Discuss binary form of music.