P.5 ENGLISH LESSON NOTES TERM I – III

ASPECT ONE: PUNCTUATION

A. CAPITAL LETTERS

A B C E F G H I J K L M N

O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Use of capital letters

1. At the beginning of the sentence; e.g. My father is a good man in our village.
2. At the beginning of proper nouns; e.g. names of people, cities, lakes, mountains, countries, rivers, days , months , streets etc. e.g. Musoke , Kampala , Victoria , Elgon , Uganda , Nile , Sunday , February , William street respectively.
3. Writing abbreviations e.g. P.L.E. , U.P.E , D. E. O etc
4. Pronouns I e.g You and I are friends.
5. To begin in direct speech. E.g The teacher said, ” Go out!”
6. To begin word He, Him, His – If they are relating to God.

EVALUATION ACTIVITY

Punctuate the following sentences correctly.

1. a snake bit jenifer yesterday
2. the little boy drowned into lake kyoga
3. I was going to church when i met tumwine at lubaga.
4. Entebbe guitar singers with their play omuzira mu bazira are going to stage it at gombe.
5. out teacher mr. nkaayi is to wed tomorrow.
6. by Friday , she will have finished the homework
7. this soil has lost its fertility and I won’t plant in crops.
8. the oc would like to see the following persons engage anguye and bukane
9. the highest mountain in Uganda is mt. rwenzori
10. Tanzania is neighbouring Uganda in the south.
11. jane said, “I am very ill”
12. my brother told me to meet him on nkurumah street

LESSON 2

b. Full stop ( . )

i) Put at end of a complete sentence. E.g Kampala is the capital city of Uganda.

ii) Used in abbreviations e.g. U.P.E , P.S.V, Ms. Dr. etc

EVALUATION

Punctuate the following sentences.

1. That boy is my friend.
2. I don’t have any pen to use.
3. The OC old Kampala will visit our school next week.
4. Mary said, ” I am going to church”.
5. “I won’t attend the party,” said the angry man.
6. The thief ordered, “open the door”.
7. jesus loves us a lot
8. I once lived in tanzania and Nigeria
9. that car belongs to martin.
10. there are many islands in kampala district

LESSON 3

Question mark

Used at the end of a question or interrogative sentences .e.g. Where are you going?

EVALUATION

Punctuate the following

1. do you remember where she lives.
2. how do you do
3. where does your father work
4. is it time for lunch
5. how do you come to school
6. the teacher said, “why are you late”
7. did you see an accident on jinja road last Tuesday
8. which car does your father drive
9. are young children allowed to drive
10. how old is your youngest sister

LESSON 4

Exclamation mark ( !)

Used to show surprise, admiration or fear e.g. My God! What a dirty plate that is!

Its used on exclamatory words e.g. Hurrah!, Oh!, Alas!, Ah!, Ooops!, Hullo!

ACTIVITY

1. What a lovely dress this is
2. Oh cried the girl
3. What an old man your father is
4. Hurrah I have got this number correct
5. How deep this hole is
6. Hullo you are welcome

LESSON 5

Comma ( , )

Used when listing things e.g. he bought a ball , pencil, pen and hut.

Used in address or date e.g. Sir Apollo School,

P.O.Box 4096,

Kampala

Salutation e.g.

Dear Dad,

1. Used after “yes” or “No” at the beginning of the sentence. E.g. No, that you.
2. Yes, I shall go
3. Used in expressions like On the other hand, however, additionally, on top of that, for instance, by the way further more etc.
4. Used to set off the name of the person addressed e.g. Why do you come with us, Peter?
5. Used in speeches e.g., Mary said, ” I will help you”.
6. Used in question tags e.g. She is beautiful, isn’t she?

EVALUATION ACTIVITY

Punctuate the following

1. no she only owns a motor cycle
   
2. “I will come tomorrow” said john
3. Tuesday 11^th april 2008
4. Sir apollo Kaggwa primary school

   P.O.box 4321

   Kampala

5. where are you going john
6. east africa is made up of uganda kenya tanzania rwanda and burundi
7. here is some chocolate . no thank you
8. she is a short bright brown girl
9. today is Monday 18^th January 2009
10. The boy said ” I am eleven years old”

LESSON 6

APOSTROPHE ( ‘ )

1. Used to replace an omitted letter e.g. can’t , don’t etc .
2. used to indicate ownership or possession e.g. Mary’s dress, Uganda’s etc
3. Use to form the plural of letters, signs and figures e.g. Mary writes her ts’ correctly
4. For nouns which end with letter ‘s’ we only add the apostrophe e.g. Moses’ shirt, Jesus’ name

EVALUATION ACTIVITY

Write out the following putting in the possessive case

1. The man went to the ( chemist) shop.

2. The name of Mrs. ( Musoke) dog was Micky

3. Have you seen ( Henry) new bicycle?

4. We heard the ( men) shouts in the distance.

5. My (sister) friend is coming to tea.

6. Moses bicycle got a flat tyre.

Re – write changing the underlined to contractions

7. Jane does not eat meat.

8. We cannot go with you.

9. My parents are not happy with my performance.

10. I shall not come to school tomorrow.

11. You will not watch TV if you do not complete the homework.

LESSON 7

Quotation marks ( ” ” )

Used to enclose words of a direct speech. E.g. “Come in,” said the teacher. “Where is your pen?” Said Mary.

EVALUATION

Punctuate the following sentences

1. my teacher said I am very good at english.
2. how do you come to school asked the headmaster
3. where is your homework said mummy
4. my father said I will buy you a present is you do well
5. the teacher said I have taught you for a long time.
6. he has been playing volleyball said ivan.
7. we have been digging said the girls
8. I broke my friend ruler said my brother
9. she was lying to me said namulesa
10. our aunt said I had taken my watch for repair

WEEK TWO

LESSON 8

ASPECT: NOUNS
A noun is a name of anything. It can be a name o f a person, animal, place or things. Nouns are in four kinds i.e. proper nouns and common nouns. Abstract nouns and collective nouns.

Proper nouns

A proper noun is a particular name of a person or thing. Names of people , books, places etc. are examples of proper nouns, All proper nouns are written beginning with a capital letter.

Examples

Gloria, Nakitende, Junior English, Bwaise , Rwenzori, Nile, Kenya, Africa, Nairobi, Sunday , October etc

EVALUATION

Identify the proper nouns and punctuate correctly

1. My father will go to Nairobi next week.
2. Mr. buyondo teaches English in primary five.
3. river nile is the longest river in the world.
4. nairobi , kampala, Kigali, dodoma, Bujumbura are cities in east Africa.
5. Mr. hills is a Briton by nationality
6. my eldest brother is busy at makerere university.
7. treasure island is a very interesting book.
8. musa, wabwire and nakanjako are friends.
9. when will you go to kasese to visit the queen Elizabeth national game park?
10. my brother is very poor at mathematics.

LESSON 9 AND 10

COMMON NOUNS

Common nouns are used to name only one class, people, place or things e.g girl , tree, town , etc

They are sub – divided in singular and plural, countable and un countable nouns. Nouns that mean “only one” are singular. Nouns that mean “more than one” are plural.

1. most nouns form their plural by adding “s” e.g. animals, houses , dogs, books, spaces etc
2. Some nouns form their plurals by adding ” es”
3. Nouns that end in a hissing sound e.g.
   

   dress – dresses box – boxes torch – torches

   brush – brushes church – churches branch – branches

   inch – inches fox – foxes

4. Some nouns that end in ‘o’ add ‘es’

   Potato – potatoes mosquito – mosquitoes

   Hero – heroes cargo – cargoes

5. Other nouns that end in ‘o’ add only ‘s’
   

   Photos, pianos, dynamos, radios, studios, videos, bamboos, igloos, eskimos

6. Nouns that end in “f” or “fe” form their plurals by changing “f” or “fe” to “ves”
   

   leaf – leaves hoof – hooves wife – wives thief – thieves

   half – halves wolf – wolves knife – knives

   Exceptional
   

   chiefs, roofs, gulfs, staffs, beliefs, stuffs.

   With two plurals

   hoof- hoofs/hooves scarf – scafs/scarves handkerchief –handkerchiefs/handkerchieves

7. Nouns that end in “Y” make their plurals by changing “y” into “ies”
   

   baby – babies army – armies factory – factories

   lady – ladies city – cities party – parties

   fly – flies body – bodies

8. There are one or two nouns that don’t follow any of these rules.
   

Examples

Man – men child – children ox – oxen

Woman – women foot – feet tooth – teeth

Goose – geese mouse – mice sheep – sheep

Deer – deer dozen – dozen furniture – furniture

Focus – foci / focuses vertex – vertices oasis – oases

Aquarium – aquaria

1. Common nouns that end with ‘y’ preceded by a vowel letter simply take ‘s’ in their plural
   

   Examples

   Donkey – donkeys valley – valleys tray – trays

   Key – keys day – days turkey – turkeys

   Spray – sprays trolley – trolleys boy – boys

   Toy – toys railway – railways

EVALUATION 1

Write the plural of the underlined words.

1. The child came into the room
2. A lady gave the girl the key
3. The cat caught the mouse.
4. The leaf fell from the tree
5. The ox pulled the cat.
6. The army went into the battle.

Re – write the sentences giving the plural form of the underlined words.

1. The nurse carried a baby.
2. A thief stole watches and the boxes of jewellies.
3. A wolf killed a sheep.
4. This furniture is very expensive.

EVALUATION 2

Write the singular form of the underlined words.

1. The gentlemen filled the glasses with soda.
2. We saw geese and foxes.
3. The boys have nice watches.
4. The armies fought a hard battle.
5. The at caught some mice.

Rewrite the sentences giving the singular forms of the underlined words.

1. The feet of the deer crushed the flower.
2. Birds sang on the branches of a tree
3. A boy was tending some sheep in the field.
4. The man put the books on top of the shelves
5. the women had knives.

LESSON 11

COMPOUND NOUNS

These are nouns with more than one noun. Some of the compound nouns take a hyphen while others don’t.

Egs of compound nouns that don’t take a hyphen

Blackboard – blackboards employment – employments

Armchair – armchairs homework – homeworks

Spoonful – spoonfuls handkerchief – handkerchiefs

Handful –

Headmaster

Compound nouns that take a hyphen

Step – son – step –sons

Step – mother – step – mothers

Co – workers – co – workers

X – ray – X- rays

Mouse – trap – mouse – traps

Bye – law – bye – laws

Tooth – brush – tooth brushes

Girl – guide – girl – guides

Check – point – check – points

Cob – web – Cob – webs

He – goat – he – goats

Egg – plant – egg – plants

Foot – path – foot – paths

Check – up – check – ups

Exceptional

Man – servant – men – servants

Compound nouns which affect the first word only

Passer – by – passer – by

Sister – in – law – sister – in – law

Head – of – state – heads – of – state

Prefect – on – duty – prefects – on – duty

Master – on – duty – masters – on – duty

Commander – in chief – commanders – in – chief

Guest – of – honour – Guests – of – honour

Father in – law – fathers – in – law

Office – in – charge – Officers – in – charge

Master – of – ceremonies – masters – of – ceremonies

EVALUATION

LESSON 12

Write the plural of the underlined words.

1. The rebels are fought by the commander – in – chief.

2. The baby was given a spoonful of medicine.

3. This passer – by has escaped from prison.

4. The classroom block was measured with a tape – measure.

5. Tug – of – war is an interesting game.

Rewrite the sentences giving the plural form of the underlined words.

6. Our head – of – department is very hardworking.

7. A toothbrush is sold in our shop.

8. That member – of – staff is going to be transferred.

9. Who is the prefect – on – duty this week.

10. We saw many head – of – cattle at the road side.

LESSON 13

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

These nouns stand for a lot of things /individuals. We call them collective nouns because they refer to collections of things, people, items etc.

Examples

A gang of thieves

A packet of cigarettes

A flock of sheep

A fleet of cars

A team of oxen

A heap of soil

A troop of lions

A heap of soil

A swarm of bees

A bouquet of flowers

A set of furniture

A brood of chicken

A forest of trees

A leap of leopards

A troop of monkeys

A crowd of people

A troupe of dancers

A company of actors

A choir of singers

A gang of prisoners

A mob of disorderly people

A congregation of worshipers

A bundle / bunch of keys

A cluster of bananas

A mouthful of food

A pack of cards

A herd of cattle

A pocketful of money

A library of books

A herd of pigs

An army of frogs

A flight of birds

EVALUATION

Complete each of the phrases

1. A ……………………………… of grapes
2. A ………………………………of matches
3. A ………………………….of clothes
4. A ………………………….of trees
5. A …………………………of corn
6. A ……………….. of drawers
7. A ………………………of bees
8. A ……………………………..of sticks
9. A ……………………….of stamps
10. A ……………………………of stars
11. A ………………………………… of birds
12. A ………………….. of cows
13. A ………………………of angles
14. A ……………………………of wolves
15. …………………………… of whales
16. A …………………………….. of monkeys
17. A ………………………….. of thieves
18. A ………………………… of pups
19. A ………………………………of slaves
20. A ………………………….of beautiful ladies

LESSON 14, 15, 16 AND 17

ABSTRACT NOUNS

These are the nouns which cannot be seen or counted.

They are nouns of qualities o things, creatures or people. These qualities only exist in something. They don’t exist on their own. Abstract nouns can be formed from adjectives or verbs.

Examples

Width height

Length anger

Breadth behaviour

Truth love

Sadness heat

Happiness presence

Bitterness choice

a) Abstract nouns from adjectives formed by adding “ness”

Adjective abstract noun

1. eager eagerness

2. clever cleverness

3. clean cleanliness

4. sad sadness

5. handsome handsomeness

6. kind kindness

7. heavy heaviness

8. smart smartness

9. good goodness

10. rich richness

11. quick quickness

12. happy happiness

13. strange strangeness

14. bright brightness

15. mad madness

16. slow slowness

17. ugly ugliness

18. lazy laziness

19. fat fatness

20. shabby shabbiness

21. stubborn stubbornness

22. foolish foolishness

23. rude rudeness

24. quiet quietness

25. polite politeness

26. sick sickness

27. ill illness

28. new newness

29. cold coldness

b. Abstract nouns formed by changing the last “t” or “te” to “ce” or “cy”

Adjective Abstract noun

Distant distance

Innocent innocence

Lenient lenience

Important importance

Patient patience

Adundant abundance

Silent silence

Absent absence

Ignorant ignorance

Present presence

Violent violence

Urgent urgency

Efficient efficiency

Intimate intimacy

Constituent constituency

Expectant expectancy

Agent agency

Accurate accuracy

Accountant accountancy

Pregnant pregnancy

Abstract nouns formed when the adjective changes to other forms

Adjective Adjective nouns

Powerful power

Truthful truth

True truth

Harmful harm

Painful pain

Faithful faith

Merciful mercy

Anxious anxiety

Curious curiosity

Poor poverty

Dangerous danger

Old age

Dead death

Healthy health

Coward cowardice

Punctual punctuality

Greedy greed

Loyal loyalty

Pure purity

Cruel cruelty

Able ability

Envious envy

Difficult difficulty

Original origin

Possible possibility

Superior superiority

Rapid rapidity

Rigid rigidity

Supreme supremacy

Jealous jealousy

Noble nobility

Wise wisdom

Free freedom

Broad breadth

Just justice

High height

False falsehood

Warm warmth

Proud pride

Humble humility

Long length

Wide width

Deep depth

Angry anger

Hungry hunger

Timid timidity

d. Abstract nouns ending with “TION” formed from verbs.

Verb abstract noun

Explain explanation

Repeat repetition

Classify classification

Congratulate congratulation

Accommodate accommodation

Introduce introduction

Complete competition

Administer administration

Oppose opposition

Complete completion

Continue continuation

Revolve revolution

Elect election

e. Abtract nouns that end in “SION” from verbs

Verb abstract nouns

Decide decision

Conclude conclusion

Invert inversion

Confuse confusion

Divide division

Explode explosion

Express expression

Discussion discussion

Impress Impression

Provide provision

Convert conversion

Expel expulsion

Posses possession

Confess confession

f. Abstract nouns ending with “MENT” from verbs

Verb Abstract

Develop development

Govern government

Pay payment

Punish punishment

Excite excitement

Require requirement

Advertise advertisement

Entertain entertainment

Achieve achievement

State statement

Measure measurement

Enlight enlightment

Refresh refreshment

Move movement

Assign assignment

Embarrass embarrassment

g. Abstract nouns that don’t change verbs.

Verb Abstract nouns

Process process

Record record

Progress progress

Demand demand

Duplicate duplicate

Rest rest

Pool pool

Fish fish

Love love

Retreat retreat

Race race

Drive drive

Dream dream

Knock knock

Ride ride

Sleep sleep

EXCEPTIONS

Verbs which form abstract nouns without following any of the above rules

Verb Abstract nouns verb Abstract nouns

Depart departure mix mixture

Arrive arrival fix fixture

Avail availability assemble assembly

Choose choice

Fail failure advise advice

Succeed success practice practice

Sit seat refuse refusal

Lend loan lose loss

Speak speech

Just Justice sell sale

Serve service

i) Abstract nouns formed from other nouns

Nouns abstract nouns

Neighbour neighbourhood

Free freedom

King kingdom

Child childhood

Man manhood

Brother brotherhood

Poet poetry

Friend friendship

Relation relationship

Slave slavery

War warrior

Martyr martyrdom

Pot pottery

Baker bakery

Butcher butchery

Grocer grocery

EVALUATION

Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. John’s ……………………………….was misleading. ( advise)
2. Our teachers get their ………………………….at the end of every month. ( pay )
3. We had a lot of …………………………during holidays. ( entertain)
4. The ………………………..i had last night almost came true. ( dream)
5. What caused your …………………………….yesterday? ( absent )
6. Due to ……………………………they did poorly in their examinations. (ill)
7. Do you know the …………………………….. of your mother? ( high)
8. There was no ………………………. for most of the guests. ( accommodate)
9. There is a lot of …………………………..in Smoking. ( dangerous)
10. My elder sister is reading an …………………………….course. ( accountant)

Gender

Nouns and pronouns belong to one or another of four genders in grammar. These are; masculine, feminine, common and neuter

Masculine feminine masculine feminine

Boy girl boar sow

Actor actress buck doe

Conductor conductress bull cow

Lion lioness bullock heifer

Manager manageress cock hen

Master mistress colt filly

Mayor mayoress cob (swan) pen

Negro negress dog bitch

Poet poetess drake bitch

Priest priestess gander duck

Prince princess ram ewe

Bachelor spinster stallion mare

Bridegroom bride steer/ bullock heifer

Brother sister billy – goat nanny goat

Nephew niece buck rabbit doe rabbit

Male female bull calf cow calf

Shepherd shepherdess boy scout girl guide

Tailor tailoress grandfather grandmother

Waiter waitress he goat she goat

Sir madam man servant maid servant

Son daughter son – in – law daughter – in – law

Uncle aunt step father step mother

Wizard witch step son step daughter

Widower widow

Common gender

Words which refer to creatures of either sex

The same word may be used both of male and female e.g.

Adult, animal, baby , bird, cat, cattle, teacher, doctor, child, cousin, relative, visitor, sheep, darling friend, passenger, pupil, pig, infant, guest, fowl, guardian

Neuter

Words which refer to things without life or sex. Bag, boots, box, bread, butter, chair, chalk, chimney, church, cocoa, coffee, desk, dishes, floor, house, jacket, kettle, knife, mirror, pencil, pillow, ruler, school eat, stairs, street, table

EVALUATION 1

Group the following in their respective genders

Ewe, traitor, pen, sow, pupil, cousin, prince, lady, lad, floor, giantess, soldier, orphan, postmaster, drake wizard, lord, she, bridegroom, mistress, spinster, cup, shoe, Billy – goat, gander, bullock, doe, window, daughter, mare, pen

EVALUATION 2

Change all masculines into corresponding feminines

1. The bridegroom is my nephew
2. The instructor ordered him to jump
3. My landlord is a widower
4. The bull attacked the milkman.
5. The Duke chatted to the man
6. “No sir”, he replied
7. The waiter served his own brother
8. “He was indeed a hero,” said the emperor

JUNIOR ENGLISH

Young ones of gender nouns

Nouns – Young ones Nouns Young ones

Cat – kitten eagle – eaglet

Cock (bird) – cockerel owl – owlet

Hen ( bird) – pullet fowl – chicken

Deer – fawn goat – kid

Hare – leveret goose – gosling

Cow/bull – calf stallion – foal or colt

Horse – foal mare – filly

Ass – foal toad/frog – tadpole

Sheep – lamb trout/fish – fry

Swan – cygnet salmon (fish) – nestling

Dog – puppy hawk (bird) – bowet

Duck – duckling eel (fish) – elver

Pig – piglet lion / bear/ fox/ tiger/ leopard – cub

Butterfly/ moth – caterpillar

Elephant/whale – calf

EVALUATION

Complete the sentences correctly

1. Cat is to kitten as a frog is to …………………………………………

2. Lambs are to sheep as ………………………..is to bears.

3. Eagle is to eaglet as a monkey is to ……………………………………….. .

4. A ………………………….is to a fish as a rack is to rabbit.

5. Piglets are to pigs as …………………………………………are to elephants.

Use a suitable word to complete the sentences.

6. The duck is swimming with its ………………………………………………

7. The goose has ten ……………………………………………………………

8. The rabbit has given birth to six lovely ………………………………………

9. The bird built a nest for its ……………………………………………………

10. The fox ran very fast to save its ………………………………..when it was attacked by a lion.

ARTICLES

These are ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’

Article “a”

The singular common nouns which start with consonants take the article “a” before them.

These consonants are b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z

Examples

A kite, a boy, a tree, a mango, a car

Words with vowels but having consonant sounds e.g. a European , a university , a one way street, a Ugandan, a ewe.

Article “an”

The singular common nouns which start with vowels take the article “an” before them. These vowels are; a, e, i , o, u

Examples

An example, an orange, an ant , an elephant , an ox

However, some words which begin with a consonant but sound like a vowel also take “an” before them. e.g an hour, an heir, an x-ray, an honest an honourable member.

Article “the”

This article is used for the class, definite things, superlative degree, some rivers and mountains, countries, islands and water bodies.

We always use it with nouns already known very well.

Examples

The kind, the poor, the rich

The moon, the sun, the soil

The biggest boy,the most beautiful girl

The Nile, The Amazon, The Red sea

The Rwenzori , The Himalayas , The United States of America.

NB.

“The” is used infront of all common nouns except proper nouns or when referring to something for second time and thereafter.

When the listener knows exactly what the speaker is talking about. E.g. shut the door

“The” is used before ordinal number like I was the first in the face.

“The” is used to refer to one thing or group of things commonly known e.g. the moon etc

Evaluation

Use either “a’, “an” or “the” in each of the spaces below

1. Muwanguzi eats …………………………………………………..egg every morning

2. …………………………………..chair is made of wood.

3. …………………………………Nile is the longest river in the world.

4. She came ……………………………..hour late.

5. Makerere is ……………………..oldest University in East Africa.

6. It was ……………………………..unwise act to sit on ………………….broken chair.

7. I saw …………………………black African in ……………………….market.

8. …………………………………garden fork is ……………………………..useful tool.

9. Bujumbura is ………………………..capital city of Burundi.

10. Seven is not ………………………….even number.

11. Sir Edward Muteesa II was ……………………………….first president of Uganda.

12. Wambwa is …………………………ugly man.

13. I cut a branch off the tree …………………………….was dry.

14. …………………………baby is crying because it is hungry.

15. My father got ………………………….honourally degree from Makerere.

TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Present simple tense is everyday. In this tense singular subjects of the sentence, you add “s” to the main verb. For the singular third person while with plural subjects and “I” you don’t add “s” .

Examples: Affirmative sentences

1. Robert eats cassava every day.

Robert and Jane eat cassava every day.

2. You play football every evening.

You don’t play football every evening.

EVALUATION

Turn the following sentences into negative sentences

1. Our teacher speaks English fluently every day.

2. The baby cries every day.

3. My mother draws water from the well every day.

4. Joyce lies on the bed every day.

5. The timekeeper rings the bell every day.

6. She always fetches water.

7. Tom and Aaron do homework from home every day.

8. The drivers drive cars every day.

9. The children keep their books in the desks every day.

10. Joseph and Mary study at Rubaga Primary school every day.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Affirmative sentences can be changed into interrogative sentences.

To change sentences to interrogative, you ought to begin with a verb.

Example

1. Robert eats cassava every day.

Robert does eat cassava every day.

Does Robert eat cassava every day?

2. I play chess every evening

I do play chess every evening.

Do I play chess every evening?

EVALUATION

Change the following sentences from Affirmative to interrogative.

1. Wesonga completes his homework before going to bed.

2. Our teacher of English marks our books daily.

3. That man washes cars in the washing bay.

4. Wefafa and Nafutali sit under that tree every evening.

5. Jesse cleans his house before leaving for work.

6. The porter pushes a wheel barrow every day.

7. The class monitor goes to the staffroom after every lesson.

8. He carries a school bag every day.

9. They brush their teeth every after each meal.

10. Walumbe hits at each door once very month

QUESTION TAGS

There are two types of question tags i.e positive and negative question tags. Negative question tags are used in affirmative sentences while positive question tags are used in negative sentences and commands.

Examples

1. Mussime collects books every day.

Musiime does collect books every day, doesn’t he?

2. Musiime doesn’t collect books every day

EVALUATION

Supply suitable question tags to the following sentences

1. That boy washes his stockings everything.

2. Our teachers often advised us to behave well.

3. The headmaster doesn’t drive a white car.

4. George and Peter mop this room every Saturday.

5. Kwezi doesn’t boil water for drinking.

6. Our parents pay our school fees.

7. Luzze and Kamukma often disturbs us in class.

8. Waluzi types his work by himself.

9. Opio and Okia like playing in class.

10. It doesn’t rain every day.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

It is also called the now tense. The helping verbs are “is” “am” and “are” when constructing a sentence, you add “ing” to the main verb.

Note: Main verbs with short vowels before the final consonant, double the final consonants and then take “ing” at the end.

e.g slap – slapping , sit – sitting

clap – clapping , mop – mopping

Examples: Affirmative sentences

1. She is working now.

2. They are swimming in the river.

3. My sister is putting the cup on the table.

Affirmative sentences can be changed to negative sentences.

1. She is working now.

She is not working now.

2. I am going with her.

I am not going with her.

3. My sister is putting the cup on the table.

My sister is not putting the cup on the table.

4. They are swimming in the river.

They are not swimming in the river.

Turn the following sentences into affirmative

1. John is cutting grass.

2. David is making a toy.

3. The girls are washing clothes

4. Mary is eating mangoes.

5. We are bringing the chairs.

6. The cat is killing the rat.

7. Phillip is hammering a peg.

8. The woman is driving a car.

9. I am mopping the house.

10. The women are driving cars.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (QUESTIONS)

Affirmative sentences can be changed into interrogative sentences

To change sentences to interrogative begin with a helping verb

Examples

1. David is breaking a bucket.

   Is David breaking a bucket?

2. I am looking at the flower.

   Am I looking at the flower?

3. They are watching the match

   Are they watching the match?

EVALUATION

Rewrite in interrogative

1. Jack is blowing the whistle
2. They are buying a pen.
3. The lady is feeding a baby
4. We are seeing a bird
5. He is playing with a pen
6. My mother is preparing tea
7. I am writing a letter
8. You are eating apples
9. We are making boxes
10. Joan is singing a song

QUESTION TAGS

1. The girl is breaking a glass, isn’t she?
2. They are not playing football, are they?
3. I am going to church, aren’t I?
4. I am not going to school, am I?

Activity

Supply suitable question tags

1. The man is cutting a tree, ……..?
2. He is not helping her, ……….?
3. I am eating food, ………?
4. The dog is eating bones, ……….?
5. They are not reading novels, ……..?
6. Doris is carrying a basket, ……..?
7. The girls are not plucking flowers, ………?
8. The headmaster is meeting the scouts, ……..?
9. She is not holding a stick, ……?
10. Alice is cleaning the room, …………?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense is the already tense. The use of “has” and “have” are the helping verbs. “has” is is used with singular subjects and ‘have” for plurals and “I” (First person singular)

The main verb is in the past participle.

Examples of affirmative sentences

1. The baby has cried for several hours.

2. James has taken your book.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Affirmative sentences can be turned to negative sentences as follows:

1. The baby has not cried for several hours.

2. James has not taken your book.

Evaluation

Rewrite the given sentences as negative

1. Mwanje has sown seeds in the garden.

2. The tailor has sown seeds in the garden.

3. They have sawn my clothes already.

4. We have seen the teacher just now.

5. Mr. Wakilo has bitten his friend’s hand.

6. The stubborn boys have torn your books.

7. The house girl has hung clothes on the wire.

8. The animals have heard the thunder.

9. The teachers have already marked our exams.

10. The headmaster has taken our sweaters.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

To write interrogative sentences in the present perfect tense, you begin with the helping verbs – has or have.

Examples

Rewrite the given sentences in interrogative

Examples

1. I have seen your new house.

Have I seen your new house.

2. She has done her work.

Has she done her work?

EVALUATION

1. The policeman has shot a thief dead.

2. They have hidden something under the carpet.

3. The mango has fallen from the tree.

4. The teacher has become very angry.

5. My parents have bought me new shoes.

6. Kingo has written a good composition.

7. Our teachers have taught us a lot of English.

8. The hen has laid many eggs.

9. Lumonde has eaten all your sauce.

10. The housefly has dirtied your food.

QUESTION TAGS

Complete the sentences using suitable question tags

Examples

That man has taken my handkerchief, hasn’t he?

Mr. Musiime hasn’t come today, has he?

EVALUATION

Complete the following sentences using suitable question tags

1. He has hidden your book in the cupboard, ……….?
2. The headmaster has forgiven you, …………?
3. My parents have not gone abroad, ………….?
4. My shirt has been torn, ……………?
5. His friends have not gone to school today, ………….?
6. Jemba has not done the homework, ………….?
7. He has built a permanent house, …………..?
8. You have not carried your set with you, ………..?
9. He has not lost his way, ……………..?

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

This tense is used when talking about an event that began sometime in the past and is still going on.

Note: We use ‘has’ and ‘have’ as helping verbs ‘been’ as the perfect auxiliary and a main verb ending in ‘ing’ i.e. has, have (been) + ‘ing’

Examples

She has been learning English

I have been going to school

She has been peeling potatoes

“for” and “since” can also be used e.g. two hours, three days, a week, ten years etc

Examples

They have been waiting for you for two days

She has been eating for half an hour

Since is used when a point or particular period of time from which an action started to take place is mentioned .e.g nine o’clock, Monday, last week etc

Examples

We have been learning English since morning

He has been repairing bicycles since yesterday

Activity

Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences in the present perfect continuous

1. He……………..the goat on the tree. (tie)
2. They………..the mango tree for mangoes. (climb)
3. John………….hands because of happiness. (clap
4. Jonathan and I ………..cards from class. (play)
5. The congregation…………….for the pope. (pray)
6. The spectators…………the match between KCCA and Villa football clubs. (watch)
7. We…………..in class because we have not work. (shout)
8. Jane and her brother Tom……………to get a first grade in P7
9. I …………….because I am sick. (sleep)
10. The shepherd ………..animals in the bush near the lake. (graze)

AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

The past simple tense is yesterday tense. In past simple the main verb is distinct and always stands alone. It doesn’t matter whether the subject is plural or singular. The verb doesn’t change. The adverb of time for this tense is mainly “yesterday” and “last”

Affirmative sentences

Examples

1. The man spoke good English yesterday.

2. The cat chased the rat yesterday.

Turn the above affirmative sentences to negative form.

1. The man didn’t speak good English yesterday.

2. The cat didn’t chase the rat yesterday.

EVALUATION

1. The boy tore my shirt yesterday.

2. They chose the red colours only.

3. This coat cost me sh. 100,000/=

4. The wrongdoers swore not to do it again.

5. The men held the rope tightly during the tug – of – war.

6. The teacher punished those who didn’t complete the homework.

7. She swang her belt in air.

8. The whole class stood up to greet the visitor.

9. The newsmen broadcast sad news over the radio.

10. The pedestrians walked along the high street..

Interrogative sentences

Turn the given affirmative sentences to interrogative.

Examples

1. She took the food to the hospital yesterday.

She didn’t take the food to the hospital.

2. The stranger spoke French.

The strangers didn’t speak French.

EVALUATION

1. Jona and I played cards last morning.

2. Yowana clapped hands because of happiness.

3. The shepherd grazed in the bush yesterday.

4. They danced the whole day.

5. She began her homework late.

6. The spectators watched the match between Uganda Cranes and Harambe stars.

7. We shouted in class the whole day.

8. Your father smoked a pipe last evening.

9. Those boys quarreled over food.

10. The customer cheated the seller of meat.

QUESTION TAGS

Examples

Supply suitable questions tags to these sentences

1. The dog ate your hen.

The dog did eat your hen, didn’t it?

2. The bursar didn’t pay me, did she?

EVALUATION

1. You met him on the way home.

2. The doctor treated them last night.

3. The market burnt to ashes.

4. Mulongo washed your father’s car.

5. My parents left me in the park.

6. You failed the test last time.

7. Our guests arrived late.

8. They contributed greatly to our party.

9. You saw them in the church

ADVERBS

Adverbs are words that tell us more about a verb, an adjective or another adverb e.g. slowly, loudly

TYPES OF ADVERBS

1. Adverbs of manner

These adverbs tell us how something happens or happened. They are commonly formed from adjectives by add – ly. E.g Nicely, beautifully, badly, simply.

2. Adverbs of time

This class of adverbs tell us when something happens or happened. E.g now, since, before , today , already . last, well etc.

3. Adverbs of duration

These adverbs tell us about the period an action lasted e.g an hour , a week, a year, a moment etc. Express duration of an action. E.g They waited for three hours.

4. Adverbs of frequency

This class of adverbs tells us when something happened. E.g rarely, often. Always, ever, usually, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, normally, frequently, commonly.

e.g She often shouts in class.

5. Adverbs of place

These adverbs tell us where something took place. E.g everywhere, here, there, outside, inside, etc

My aunt lives in Kenya.

6. Adverbsof degree

These are adverbs which tell us the extent to which something happened. E.g much , almost , only, rather, why, quite, e.g That composition is very easy.

ORDER OF ADVERBS

The order of adverbs is how( manner), where ( place) , when ( time.

e.g He hardly read books at home last week.

Hardly – how

At home – where

Last week – when

2. The prefect spoke carefully at the parade yesterday.

Carefully – manner – How

At the parade – place – where

Yesterday – Time – when

Evaluation

Complete these sentences suing the correct adverbs order

1. Will you run ( in the field, at 8:00 am, fast, tomorrow)?

2. The congregation prayed ( in the church, very hard, last Sunday)

3. The couple moved ( to the reception hall, smartly, after the church ceremony)

4. I shall take the ball( outside, today, stealthily)

5. The candidates go ( to school ,at 7:00am)

6. Take it ( silently, there, now)

7. Our teacher spoke to us( in class, very rudely, this afternoon)

8. The latecomers stayed( all day, quietly, there)

9. Jimmy Katumba played( last Christmas; beautifully< in Collins Hotel)

10. Let’s go (tonight, to the film, last)

FORMATION OF ADVERBS

Most adverbs are formed out of adjectives by simply adding “ly”

Adjective adverb

Clear clearly pain painful accidental accidentally

Proud proudly sudden suddenly skillful skillfully

Quick quickly anxious anxiously royal royally

Poor poorly grateful gratefully annual annually

Fair fairly careful carefully mental mentally

Cheap cheaply equal equally hopeful hopefully

Clever cleverly practical practically

Adverbs which are formed from adjectives by adding ‘ly’ after changing ‘y’ to ‘I’

Examples

Adjectives adverbs

Angry angrily

Lucky luckily

Steady steadily

Heavy heavily

Lazy lazily

Easy easily

Hungry hungrily

Noisy noisily

Merry merrily

Clumsy clumsily

Other adverbs are formed by dropping ‘e’ and adding ‘ly’

Adjective adverb

Humble humbly

Sensibly sensibly

Simple simply

Possible possibly

Terrible terribly

Gentle gently

Miserable miserably

Suitable suitably

Probable probably

Immediate immediately

Some adverbs are the same as adjectives e.g. hard, fast, well, late, early, better, next

Adverbs formed from nouns

Noun adverb

Active actively

Danger dangerous

Force forcefully

Haste hastily

Nature naturally

Courage courageously

Office officially

Wonder wonderfully

Centre centrally

EVALUATION

Form adverbs from each of the following words

Horrible, able, nice, bad, cruel, whole, worth, careful, cheer,

Comparison of adverbs by adding ‘more’ and ‘most’

Bravely more bravely most bravely

Clearly more clearly most clearly

Briefly more briefly most briefly

Easily more easily most easily

Freely more freely most freely

Happily more happily most happily

Loudly more loudly most loudly

Quickly more quickly most quickly

Slowly more slowly most slowly

EVALUATION

Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete each sentence

1. That girl writes very…………(slow)
2. I did my work…………..because I was in a hurry. (bad)
3. The headmaster ……….walked into his office. (hurry)
4. It rained…………last night. (heavy)
5. The little girl……………gave a speech. (courage)
6. The basket was……….woven. (beauty)
7. ……..the teacher entered the room the pupils stoop up. (immediate)
8. We were…………..welcomed by the waiter. (warm)

JUNIOR ENGLISH

Opposites

Absent – present danger – safety

Accept – refuse deep – shallow

Admit – deny defeat – victory

Ancient – modern difficult – easy / simple

Arrival – departure divide – multiply

Attack – defence drunk – sober

Beautiful – ugly dwarf – giant

Bent – straight empty – full

Bitter – sweet entrance – exit

Blunt – sharp exterior – interior

Bold – timid external – internal

Bravery – cowardice failure – success

Bright – dull false – true

Broad – narrow foolish – wise

Build – demolish found – lost

Capture – release future – past

Cheap – expensive / dear generous – selfish

Coarse – fine guilty – innocent

Contract – expand hatred – love

Coward – hero heavy – light

Hollow – solid humble – proud

Ignorance – knowledge inferior – superior

Junior – senior majority – minority

Noisy – quiet peace – war

Often – seldom opaque – transparent

Permanent – temporary plentiful – scarce

Poverty – wealth punishment – reward

Rough – smooth / calm

Write the opposites of the underlined words

1. That perimeter wall will soon be demolished.

2. Some roads in this country are very narrow.

3. The mathematics teacher punished me because I drew a bent line.

4. I denied having stolen Musa’s pen.

5. The sea was calm by the time our ship sailed.

6. The floor of our dining room is very rough.

7. Most girls in our school carry heavy bags.

8. Mathematics is the subject in which I hope for success.

9. My grandmother has constructed a temporary house.

10. Our fore fathers used not to go to school because of poverty.

OPPOSITES USING PREFIXES

A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of the word to change its meaning.

Using the prefix – un

Armed – Unarmed wise – unwise equal – unequal friendly – unfriendly Certain – Uncertain dress – undress

common – uncommon happy – unhappy Healthy – Un healthy

suitable – unsuitable welcome – unwelcome grateful – ungrateful

Popular – Un popular willing – unwilling skilled – unskilled

reasonable – unreasonable True – Untrue reliable – unreliable

conscious – unconscious steady – unsteady

Using the prefix in

Capable – Incapable sane – insane visible – invisible

gratitude – ingratitude complete – incomplete direct – indirect

audible – inaudible expensive – inexpensive correct – Incorrect

curable – incurable attentive – inattentive dependent – independent

sincere – Insincere Justice – injustice efficient – inefficient

equality – inequality distinct – Indistinct decent – indecent

offensive – inoffensive sufficient – insufficient

Using the prefix dis

Appear – Disappear comfort – discomfort connect – disconnect satisfied – dissatisfied

Loyal – Disloyal believe – disbelieve courteous – discourteous advantage –disadvantage

Honest – Dishonest arm – disarm orderly – disorderly contented – discontented

Agree – Disagree obedient – disobedient allow – disallow arrange – disarrange

Like – Dislike continue – discontinue pleasure – displeasure respectful – disrespectful

Using the prefix im …

Movable – Immovable patient – impatient possible – impossible Proper – improper

Perfect – Imperfect mortal – immortal pure – impure polite – impolite

Penetrate- impenetrable

Using the prefix il .. , ir…

Legal – Illegal legible – illegible literate – illiterate

Regular – irregular resistible – irresistible

Responsible – Irresponsible reverent – irreverent

Using non….

Sense – Nonsense intoxicating – non – intoxicating

Existent – Non – existent essential – non – essential

Opposite using suffix ful – less

Hope – Hopeless care – careless cheer – cheerless

use – useless doubt – doubtless help – helpless

Thoughtless painless harmless pitiless powerless

Shameless restless thankless

EVALUATION

Rewrite the sentences giving the opposites of the underlined words.

1. Some people are efficient in their work.

2. You don’t have to bring complete homework with you.

3. There is a lot of justice in the judiciary.

4. AIDS is a curable disease.

5. I am capable of driving a car.

6. I would like you to connect that electric wire.

7. Why is your sister always happy?

8. Your house maid is a responsible person.

9. Smoking marijuana is legal in Uganda.

10. People who are not invited to this [arty are welcome.

11. What a useful book a dictionary is!

12. Most drugs are harmful.

13. That forest is penetrable.

14. You gave a thoughtful idea during the discussions.

15. The temptation to taste mother’s cakes was resistible.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES/ CONJUNCTIONS

The use of Both ……..and …….

Both …..begins a sentence is the subject of the sentences are different.

Both is written in the middle when subjects are similar.

It cannot stand on its own to join two sentences. It works hand in hand with “and”

Examples

1. The teacher is going on a tour. The pupils are going on a tour.

Both the teacher and the pupils are going on the tour.

2. The drink was sour. The drink was expired.

The drink was both sour and expired.

3. Mary has a red bag. Sarah has a red nag.

Both Mary and Sarah have red bags.

EVALUATION

Join the following sentences using …….both ……and…… or Begin: Both ……and …….

1. Peter is a lazy pupil. Mary is a lazy pupil.

2. The fruit was juicy. The fruit was delicious.

3. Stella was a bright pupil. Atim was a bright pupil.

4. The dog drinks milk. The ct drinks milk.

5. She is my guardian. She is my benefactor.

6. Brenda prepared tea. Brenda prepared food.

7. I don’t eat meat. I don’t east fish.

8. My parents were absent. I was absent.

9. Janet was my friend, Sarah was my friend.

10. Musa is going to the market. Ali is going to the market.

Using Either …….or

This conjunction is used to show that one of the things will happen. It is used in affirmative sentence.

We begin with Either when the subjects are different use ……..either…….or when the subjects are similar.

Examples

1. He must laugh. He must cry.

He must either laugh or cry.

2. Sarah may go and watch a movie. Deborah may go and watch a movie.

Either Sarah or Deborah may go and watch a movie.

3. They will win. They will be defeated.

They will either win or be defeated.

Evaluation

Re- write using ………either …….or

Begin: Either ……..or “`

1. James will go to church. Alex will go to church.

2. You may go to Namakata next month. I may go to Namakata next month.

3. My friend will attend the party. My enemy will attend the party.

4. He will greet the visitors. He will smile at them.

5. The teacher is coming. The pupils are coming.

6. He can eat. He can drink.

7. I shall play a piano. I shall play a guitar.

8. Daddy drove the car. Mummy drove the car.

9. The pupils will sing. The pupils will dance.

10. The maid must cook supper. Mother must cook supper.

Using …..neither ………….nor

Neither …………….nor is used to show that none of the two will happen, It is in negative.

Examples ( same subjects)

1. He did not greet the visitors. He didn’t smile at them.

He neither greeted the visitors nor smiled at them.

2. She cannot fly. She cannot swim.

She can neither fly nor swim.

Different subjects: Begin: Neither

3. Peter did not greet the visitor. Mary didn’t greet the visitor.

Neither Peter nor Mary greeted the visitors.

4. The teacher has not come. The pupils has not come.

Neither the teacher nor the pupils has come.

Evaluation:

Rewrite using……neither ……nor or begin Neither: …………….nor ……………..

1. Suzan will not dance. Suzan will not sing.

2. He doen’t eat. He doesn’t drink.

3. He didn’t eat. He didn’t drink.

4. The visitors have not greeted. The hosts have not greeted.

5. He failed mathematics. He didn’t pass.

6. It is not deep. It is not salty.

7. My grand mother cannot read. My grandfather cannot read.

8. They will not win the battle. They will not lose the battle.

9. Tom is not watching T.V Sarah is not watching TV.

10. It couldn’t fly. It couldn’t move.

Using ……………………..and neither………………….

Used to join negative sentences

Examples

1. They didn’t understand the speech. They did not welcome it.

They didn’t understand the speech and neither did they welcome it.

2. Ntege is not a girl. Lwanga is not a girl.

Ntege is not a girl and neither is Lwanga.

3. Peter does not eat fish. He doesn’t eat meat.

Peter does not eat fish and neither does he eat meat.

Evaluation

Join using……and neither ……

1. The cars must be allowed to overtake at a traffic jam.

The motorcycles must not be allowed to overtake at a traffic Jam

2. The cats didn’t win the race. The dogs didn’t win the race.

3. Joy didn’t understand this topic. I didn’t understand this topic.

4. My father will not go to town. My mother will not go to town.

5. My grandmother doesn’t know how to read. She doesn’t know how to write.

6. Mother has not cooked food. The maid has not cooked food.

7. We couldn’t go to the cinema. John couldn’t go to the cinema.

8. The headmaster will not punish us. The teachers will not punish us.

9. We didn’t go to the village. Our parents didn’t go to the village.

10. They cannot walk. They cannot run.

Using ………………..and so ……………….

Used in affirmative sentences

Examples

1. I was punctual for the lesson. Alice was punctual for the lesson.

I was punctual for the lesson and so was Alice.

2. Joel will understand this lesson. Alice will understand this lesson.

Joel will understand this lesson and so will Alice.

3. My uncle is a bachelor. He is a bachelor.

My uncle is a bachelor and so he is.

Evaluation

1. My grandmother told an interesting story. My grandfather told an interesting story.

2. He was very intelligent. The bursar was also intelligent.

3. I may go to Namakata primary school. You may go to Namakata primary school.

4. Ntege is a boy. Lwanga is a boy.

5. Maria is a singer. Aneet is a singer.

6. All Kenyans speak Swahili. All Tanzanians speak Swahili.

7. We may go to Gulu. We may go to Lira.

8. He could run. He could swim.

9. Mary is a smart girl. Joan is a smart girl.

10. Jane had ten sweets. Rhoda had ten sweets.

Using: Although

Used to show both negative and positive in a sentence

Examples

1. She is beautiful. She is unmarried.

Although she is beautiful, she is unmarried.

2. She is a Ugandan. She doesn’t speak Uganda language.

Although she is a Ugandan, she doesn’t speak Ugandan language.

Evaluation

Re- write using 1. ……………..although …………………..

2. Begin: Although………………………

1. She ailed her exams. She copied.

2. Some Africans are poor. They work hard.

3. They are sure of their answers. They are wrong.

4. They were sincere. Nobody believed them.

5. James lives near the church. He seldom go to church.

6. Bo body helped them. They were friendly.

7. He had good behavior. He was dull in class.

Using :….too…….to…….

Too……..to……is used in sentences with a negative idea

Examples

1. That lady is very fat. She can’t run

   That lady is too fat to run.

2. This story is very long. One cannot tell it in ten minutes.

   This story is too long for one to tell it in ten minutes

Activity

Ref: Mk precise English grammar pg 137 – 138 task 42 numbers 1 – 15

Using ….because…

This conjunction is used with similarities or sentences whose ideas or meaning agree

Because should be connected to the clause whose action happens or happened first

Examples

1. Sanyu is clever. Sanyu passed PLE.

   Sanyu passed PLE because she is clever.

2. The girl was poor. She had one dress.

   The girl had one dress because she was poor.

Activity

Use ‘because’ in these sentences

1. Birungi is beautiful. She passed the beauty contest
2. Paul ran his fastest. Paul was the first in the race
3. Onyait was brave. Onyait killed a lion
4. Walakira know English very well. He can speak it for a long time

Using so……..that…/ such a…..that….

Example

1. He was rich. He bought the whole village.
2. He was so rich that he bought the whole village
3. He was a very popular gentleman. He was elected the president
   
4. He was so popular that he was elected the president
   
5. He was a popular gentleman
   
6. He was elected the president
   
7. He was such a popular gentleman that he was electd the president
   
8. She was an old woman
   
9. He could not walk on her own
   
10. She was such an old woman that she could not walk on her own
    

Activity

Mk precise primary English book 5 pg 127 task 36

Prefer to

The word prefer is used to mean that one likes something ‘more than’ it is used when one has to choose one item form among others

Examples

1. Mike likes rice more than millet
2. Mike prefers rice to millet
3. I like English more than mathematics
4. I prefer English to mathematics

Activity

Mk precise primary English bk5 pg 143 task 47

LESSON 18

ASPECT: COMPREHENSION,

VEHICLE REPAIR

Vocabulary practice

New words

Vehicle garage screw jerk

A break down truck mechanic spare parts

Repair pump tow

Engine puncture toolbox

Flat tyre rubber solution tube

A fuel pump tyre a screw driver

Using the vocabulary words to construct meaningful sentences

structures

a) Using; have/has

B) Using : must/mustn’t

Guided composition

Mk primary English new curriculum bk5 pg 12 composition 1

Passage

Mk primary English bk5 pg 10 (Sennyonga’s second hand vehicle)

Poem

Picture composition

My small motor car pg 24

Guided conversation

Kapere and his bicycle pg 30

Print media

Vocabulary

Advertisement, announcement, article, back page, brochure, reporter, story, column, columnist, crossword, editor, editorial, front page, puzzle, journalist, magazine, media, newsletter, newspaper, pull out, cartoon

Using the vocabulary words to construct sensible sentences

Passage

The media house

Pg 48 Mk primary English bk5 new curriculum

Jumbled sentences

Pg 52 Mk primary English bk5 new curriculum

Advertisement

Mk primary English bk5 old curriculum pg 62

Poem

The media house Mk new curriculum pg 46

Travelling

Vocabulary practice

About, fare, speed, cycle, passenger, coach, seat, conductor, luggage, reduce, travel, by, ticket, destination, arrive, departure, further, taxi, reach

Using the vocabulary words to construct meaningful sentences

Passage

My journey to Arua Mk primary English bk5 new curriculum pg 70 – 71

Dialogue

Waiting at the clock Mk primary English bk5 new curriculum pg 65 – 66

Travel chart

Mk primary English bk5 new curriculum pg 68

TERM II

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

It expresses what will happen in future/ tomorrow.

Helping verbs are – will and shall

I shall it will

We He will

She

They

Affirmative sentences

Examples

1. We shall help you.

2. You will pay for this.

3. He will bring a car.

Affirmative sentences can change to negative sentences.

Shall not in short is shan’t

Will not in short is won’t

Examples

1. We shan’t help you.

2. You won’t pay for this.

3. He will not bring a car.

Re- write the sentences in negative

1. The woman will sell her car.

2. He will play very well.

3. We shall win the match.

4. I shall come to school tomorrow.

5. He will tell you everything.

6. The child will cry in the room.

7. My father will go to Kampala.

8. They will bring soft drinks,

9. She will sing a nice song.

10. I shall wash my feet.

Interrogative sentences

Affirmative sentences can be changed to interrogative.

Examples

1. The dogs will run on the ground.

2. Will the dogs run on the ground?

2. We shall write a good letter.

Shall we write a good letter?

3. She will break the mirror.

Will she break the mirror

NB: The helping verb begins the sentence while writing in interrogative.

Evaluation: Change to interrogative

1. I shall do my work.

2. Joyce will write on the blackboard.

3. My father will know this.

4. She will keep her promise.

5. Your mother will come to school

6. They will put you in trouble.

7. This ay will stay here.

8. We shall go there.

9. They will help you in this game.

10. I shall go to his house.

QUESTION TAGS

Examples

1. She will clean the classroom
2. We shall collect the rubbish
3. The dog will guard our home

EVALUATION

SUPPLY SUITABLE QUESTIONS TAGS

1. He will take an oath, …………?
2. They will fix the poles, ………….?
3. Angella will arrange the flowers, ……..?
4. We shall call him, ………..?
5. The baby will cry, …………?
6. I shall go to school, ……….?
7. The child will tear the book, ………..?
8. We shall talk to him, ………..?

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES

Sentence is said to be in the active voice when it starts with the subject (doer)

On the other hand, sentences in the passive voice begin with the object (receiver)

The active can be changed to the passive if the active form of the sentence has both a subject and an object

Example

Annet play (cannot be change)

The passive voice is possible in all tenses. However if the subject in the active voice is not specific, we don’t mention it in the passive voice.

Someone beat Amos (active)

Amos was beaten . (passive)

THE PRESENT TENSES

The present simple

The passive form of the present simple tense is used in the order below

Is, am , are plus a past participle verb

Example

1. I love Judith (active)

   Judith is loved by me. (passive)

2. Cars carry people. (active)

   People are carried by cars. (passive

3. The doctor warns me against smoking cigarettes. (active)

   I am warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor (passive)

Present continuous

The passive form of the present continuous tense is used in the order below

Is being, am being, are being + a past participle verb

Examples

1. I am eating food. (active)

   Food is being eaten by me. (passive)

2. Cars are carrying people. (active)

   People are being carried by cars. (passive)

3. The doctor is warning me against smoking cigarettes (active)

   I am being warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor (passive)

THE PRESENT PERFECT

The passive form of the present perfect tense is used in the order below

Has been, have been + a past participle verb

Examples

1. I have eaten food. (active)

   Food has been eaten by me. (passive))

2. Cars have carried people. (active)

   People have been carried by cars. (passive)

3. The doctor has warned me against smoking cigarettes (active)

   I have been warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor. (passive)

Activity

Change these sentences into passive

1. Akello learns music
2. The dog hates bones
3. He sleeps on the bed
4. Kato plays football
5. Lions eat other animals
6. I am writing a letter
7. They are carrying firewood
8. Moses is repairing a radio
9. She sis playing netball
10. They are beating me
11. He has cleaned the table
12. Ugandans have built nice houses
13. Mary has written a letter
14. We have learnt English
15. I have broken the cup

THE PAST TENSE

THE PAST SIMPLE

The passive form of the past simple tense is used in the order below; was, were + a past perfect verb

Examples

1. I loved Judith (active)

   Judith was loved by me (passive)

2. Cars carried people (active)

   People were carried by cars. (passive)

3. The doctor warned me against smoking cigarettes (active)

   I was warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor. (passive)

THE PAST CONTINUOUS

The passive form of the past continuous tense is used in the given order; was being, were being + a past perfect verb

Examples

1. I was eating food. (active)
2. Food was being eaten by me. (passive)
3. Cars were carrying people (active)
4. People were being carried by cars. (passive)
5. The doctor was warning me against smoking cigarettes (active)
6. I was being warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor. (passive)

THE PAST PERFECT

The passive form of the past perfect tense is used in the order below; had been + a past participle verb

Examples

1. I had eaten food. (active)
2. Food had been eaten by me. (passive)
3. Cars had carried people (active)
4. People had been carried by cars. (passive)
5. The doctor had warned me against smoking cigarettes (active)
6. I had been warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor (passive)

Activity

Change these sentences in passive

1. He ate food
2. James broke the glass
3. The boy ate an orange
4. They greeted us
5. He stole our books
6. Abraham put more salt in the sauce
7. The cat was eating rats
8. They were repairing his bed
9. That woman was telling us some news
10. Jane had seen the robbers
11. It had taken the chick
12. I had hidden it under the mat
13. They had found him in the kitchen
14. Ssemanda had played football.

THE FUTURE TENSES

THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

The passive form of the future simple tense is got from the order below will be + a past participle verb

Examples

1. I shall eat food. (active)
2. Food will be eaten by me. (passive)
3. Cars will carry people (active)
4. People will be carried by cars. (passive)
5. The doctor will warn me against smoking cigarettes. (active)
6. I shall be warned against smoking cigarettes by the doctor. (passive

Activity

Change these sentences into passive

1. They will take the ball
2. He will beat us
3. We shall carry it
4. I shall answer many questions
5. I will learn science
6. They will guide us
7. They will sweep the class
8. Okot will play football tomorrow

Change the following into active

1. Meat is eaten by lions
2. The song is sung by children
3. A novel is being read by Annet
4. Music is being listened to by my father
5. Prizes have been given to us by Tom
6. We were greeted by Ali
7. A chair has been sat on by a boy
8. I was asked to come with a pen by Dianah
9. The brief case was being closed by Simon
10. He was being sent to a boarding school by his mother
11. The ball will be taken by Moses
12. She will be punished by the teacher

ASPECT: ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words which describe a noun

Examples

Young , new, old , blue, beautiful , big, tall , short, long , loud , talkative , colourful , handsome, orange, dangerous.

Forms of Adjectives

1. Positive degree – ( one)

2. Comparative degree – Compare two things / people

( add –er or more to the adjectives)

3. Superlative degree – Compares more than two.

 ( add – est, most to the adjectives)

1. Add “r” or ” st”

fine finer finest pure purer purest

safe safer safest idle idler idlest

wide wider widest simple simpler simplest

rude ruder rudest brave braver bravest

large larger largest wise wiser wisest

white whiter whitest

2. Double the last consonant

big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest

thin thinner thinnest glad gladder gladdest

wet wetter wettest sad sadder saddest

fat fatter fattest

3. Add ‘er” or ” est”

tall taller tallest

small smaller smallest

thick thicker thickest

high higher highest

young younger youngest

long longer longest

strong

hard

fast

clear

new

rich

clean

poor

sweet

deep

few

soft

cold

quick

clear

proud

near

loud

old

short

clever

4. Adjective which end with ‘y’ drop ‘y’ add ‘ier” in comparative degree then “iest “in superlative degree

happy happier happiest

ugly uglier ugliest

lazy lazier laziest

heavy heavier heaviest

dry drier driest

busy busier busiest

easy easier easiest

dirty

early

pretty

healthy

merry

Adjectives that take ‘more’ and ‘most’

1. beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

2. careful more careful most careful

3. comfortable more comfortable most comfortable

4. ignorant more ignorant most ignorant

5. wonderful more wonderful most wonderful

6. handsome more handsome most handsome

7. interesting

8. industrious

9. studious

10. dangerous

11. difficult

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVE

These change the original word.

1. bad worse worst

2. good better best

3. well better best

4. far further furthest

5. little less least

6. much more most

7. many more most

8. ill worse worst

9. far farther farthest

10. old elder/older eldest /oldest

EVALUATION

Use the correct degree of adjective given in the brackets to complete the sentences

1. Micheal is the ………………………………..boy in our class. ( good)

2. Joseph is …………………………………..than Richard. ( heavy)

3. The box is ……………………………than that box. ( light)

4. My house is ……………………………than yours. ( near)

5. Which is the ………………………………. building in Nairobi. ( tall)

6. Peter is ………………………………than George. ( weak)

7. Mary is the …………………………..girl in our class. ( short)

8. Please give me …………………………..milk. ( much)

9. What is the ………………………….news. ( late)

10. I came …………………………….than you. ( early)

11. He is the …………………………..of the twins. ( old)

12. Show is the …………………………..cloth. ( fine)

13. This flower is …………………….than that flower. ( beautiful)

14. His mother is …………………………today. ( well)

15. James is the ……………………………………of the two boys. ( clever)

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

1. In the order of adjectives, the adjectives have to come before the noun they are describing while in relative pronoun and “and’ the adjectives come after the nouns they are describing.
2. In the order of adjectives, the number or quantity adjective comes first while in relative pronoun and “and” the number of quantity adjective comes before the noun it is describing.
3. In “relative pronoun” and “and” when the answer has poor ending (incomplete) you create your own ending to have complete meaning.
4. In use of ‘relative pronoun” and “ad” we separate the adjectives with commas while in the order of adjective we don’t put commas. This is because the commas are used only when the last two adjectives are separated with ” and”

Order of adjectives

Number / opinion/ shape / size / age / colour / origin/ material . NOPSHACOM

Examples

1. One smart small young brown Ugandan girl.

2. Several good wide new black Korean T.V sets.

3. Three stubborn short horned new brown bullocks

EVALUATION

Join the following sentences in order of adjectives without using “and”

1. I solved numbers. They were good. They were fifteen.

2. The tree is large. It is green. It is wonderful. It was cut down.

3. She brought children. They were young. They were black. They were ignorant. They were slim.

They were from Uganda. They were several.

4. My father took a man. The man was brown. The man was from India.

The man was handsome. The man was fat.

5. The ladies are hardworking. They are ten. They are brown.

They are old. The are red – eyed. They are from Zaire.

6. The priest gave him stones. They were indigo. They were gracious. They were many.

7. He was given a shirt. It was red. It was cotton.

It was made from India. It was new. It was big.

The use of positive degree with

as ………………..as, not so ………………as

as …………………………as

This as ……………as conjunction is used when comparing things or people in affirmative sentence.
as ………as……… is used to illustrate the equality of the nouns being compared.

Examples

1. James is hardworking. Sarah is hardworking.

James is as hardworking as Sarah.

2. My sister is proud. I am also proud.

My sister is as proud as I am.

NB. After as ……….as , any pronoun used should be in a nominative case. e.g. I, they, she, he, it, you

Not so …………………as

It is used when one sentence is negative and another is am affirmative sentence.

In negative sentences we say ……………..not so …….as …….

Examples

1. This room is big. That room is not big.

That room is not so big as this one

2. I am not old. He is old.

I am not so old as he is

3. My father is tall. My mother is taller.

My father is not so tall as my mother.

EVALUATION

Re – write using…………..as…………….as or …………not so ……………..as

1. Simiyu is very clever. Basibala is very clever.

2. Awino is very brave. She is like a lion.

3. Sanyu is bright. Her sister betty is brighter.

4. Wamanga is kind. I am also kind.

5. Mary is ten years old. Suzan is ten years old.

6. Wetaya is very fast. Maiso is very kind.

7. My hen lays 5 eggs in a week. James’ hen lays 3 legs in a week.

8. Weneloba is a cunning boy. He is like a fox.

9. The boys were active. The girls were more active.

10. Wesonga is tall. Wanjusi is taller.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

These pronouns are used in clauses which are related i.e. relative clauses

In most cases they are used as conjunctions (joining words). They include; who, whom, whose, which, and that

How to use relative pronouns

Who refers to people

Which refers to animals or things

That refers to people, animals or things

Whose and whom are used to refer to people

Examples

1. John is the one who took your pen yesterday. (person)
2. That dog is the one which barked at us. (animal)
3. I cannot remember the book that I promised to lend you. (thing)
4. I met the Dutch whose name was Adams. (person)
5. The girl whom you thought could get a first grade is pregnant. (person)

Activity

Choose the correct pronoun from the brackets to complete the sentences correctly

1. From ……….bookshop did you buy that book? (what, which, that)
2. That is the man…….cat was stolen. (who, which, whose)
3. May you suggest a day………we can meet. (that, which , when)
4. What is the name of the school ……your brother goes to? (which, where, that )
5. Did he tell you about the proposal……..he wanted to present to the management committee? (that, which, when)
6. Those are the desks …….legs broke off. (who, whose , which )

Activity

Complete these sentences with the correct pronoun

1. That is the teacher…….teaches us mathematics
2. This is the cow………….we bought from Kenya.
3. …………car was stolen?
4. I injured my leg ……….got broken last week.
5. Denis is a careless pupil. ……….is hated by everyone
6. I saw the man…………saved the girl form the lion

Using relative pronouns as conjunctions

Examples

1. The man was taken to the hospital. The man was seriously injured
2. The man who was seriously injured was taken to the hospital
3. The rabbit was later trapped. The rabbit had run very fast.
4. The rabbit which had run very fast was later trapped.
5. The soldier was badly hurt. The children saw him.
6. The soldier whom the children saw was badly hurt.
7. The cow died. Its tail was cut off.
8. The cow whose tail was cut off died

Activity

Join the sentences using relative pronouns

1. The house girl was taken away. The house girl was a fool.
2. The money was stolen. The money was in the desk.
3. The sweepers will sweep again. The sweepers swept yesterday.
4. The puff adder was running down the river. The pug adder was killed
5. The lazy boy will do all the punishment alone. The lazy boy is lame
6. The lady was carrying a beautiful bag. The lady was beaten
7. The tree had very good timber. The carpenter cut it
8. The hen was eaten by a wild cat. The owner was looking for it
9. The pupils had done the corrections. The teacher didn’t beat them
10. The twins were both born alive. The twins were born last evening
11. He went to the furniture mart. You told him about it
12. Our teacher has a car. Our teacher comes from Tororo.

Using as….as../ not as…….as……….

This conjunction is used when comparing two things or people

After………as…….as, any pronoun used should be in the nominative case e.g. I, he, you, they, wet etc

Examples

He is big. I am big. He is as big as I am

I am old. He is also old. I am old as he is

As……….a…..

This conjunction can also be used in negative sentences. In negative sentences we say: ….not as……..as….

Examples

I am rich. He is richer. I am not rich as he is

Mercy is educated. You are more educated. Mercy is not as educated as you are

Activity

Mk precise bk5 pg 145 task 48

The…….the …….(double comparatives)

We use two clauses where each starts with ‘the’ followed by an adjective in comparative degree. A comma should be used when writing sentences with double comparatives

Example

As you go high, it becomes cool

The higher you go, the cooler it becomes

When you grow old, you become wise

The older you grow, the wiser you become

Activity

1. If you do little work, you will get little money.
2. When they give us more food, we shall become happy.
3. If the chairs are comfortable, they will have a big market
4. When the shop grew bigger, the workers became busy
5. When the sun shines more, it becomes hot
6. If you come early, you will be busy
7. As you stood far, you became small

Enough….to

Examples

1. He ran fast. He won the race
2. He ran fast enough to win the race
3. The wind was very strong. It blew off the roof of his house
4. The wide was strong enough to blow off the roof of his house
5. The shopkeeper was very foolish. He did not save any money.
6. The shopkeeper was not wise enough to save any money
7. Tom is very young. He can’t go to school.
8. Tom is not old enough to go to school

Activity

Join the following sentences using ‘enough’

1. Oketcho is very strong. He will lift it alone.
2. Diana is clever. She will get a first grade.
3. Masaka is a fertile district. All bananas Uganda needs can be grown in Masaka district.
4. This food is not ready. We cannot eat it
5. He was weak. He could not lift the bag.
6. Musoke is short. He cannot touch the roof
7. The man is poor. He cannot buy a car

In order to/ so as/ so that

These three conjunctions are delt with together because they are used in the same way and thus have the same meaning. They are used when one wishes to taste the reason for doing something

Examples

1. He washes car in order to get school fees
2. He washes cars so as to get school fees
3. He washes cars so that he can get school fees
4. He washed cars so that he could get school fees
5. She hid her face so that she could not be seen

Activity

Mk precise bk5 pg 142

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF CLAUSE)

Conditional clauses are used to express conditions. They are also called if clauses. They are called conditional clauses because of a certain condition is supposed or imagined to be fulfilled in order for an action to take place. Conditional clauses contain the word if or unless

Example

John will be pleased if he passes exams (It means that John will be pleased only when he passes exams)

Conditional sentences are divided into three; conditional clause I (if 1) conditional clause 2 (if 2), conditional clause 3 (if 3)

Conditional clause I (if 1)

Conditional clause I expresses that something is going to happen or chances for it to happen are high if a certain condition is fulfilled

Examples

1. If Mary buys that skirt, she will become smart.
2. I shall fall sick if I eat dirt.
3. If your father gives you school fees, you will go to school

Guidelines on the use of if 1

We use the present simple tense in the if clause and the future simple tense in the main clause

Example

1. If I get money, I shall buy a radio
2. Mother will punish us if we don’t complete the work
3. If Juma comes, we shall go together

The condition to be fulfilled is contained in the if clause and the action to take place is in the main clause

We use the present tense in the if clause and the imperative in the main clause when telling or advising a person to do something because of a relevant condition

Examples

1. if he comes, tell him I have gone to town
2. if you are sick go to the hospital
3. if you become thirsty, get a cold drink

When talking or asking about facts or general truths we use the present tense in both the main and if clauses

Examples

1. If you heat metals, they expand
2. If you uproot a plant, it dries up
3. If I have a bad dream, I experience the opposite

When an if clause comes first put a comma after it and before the main clause

Example

1. If he comes, I shall go

When the main clause comes first there is no need of a comma

Example

I shall go if he comes

At times the word ‘when is used instead of ‘if’ once we are sure that the condition will be fulfilled

Example

When I die, I will rot

When mercy fails, force is applied

Activity

Use the words in the brackets to complete the following sentences in if I

1. If you get a first grade, your father……….for you a bicycle. (buy)
2. The dog will eat the bone if it…………it (get)
3. ………..happy if I learn how to ride a bicycle. (be)
4. The children …………….by the rope if they see a tree to tie it on. (swing)
5. If our father …………now, we shall be in trouble. (remember)
6. We……a wheelbarrow if we are refusing to study hard. (push)
7. If that girl has been behaving like that, the headmaster ……….her. (expel)
8. They ……..this exercise if they get time. (finish)
9. If I receive your letter, I ….it tomorrow. (deliver)
10. If you come early, you …………with no punishment. (pass)
11. If the plane……….(come) we …………(go)
12. Geoffrey………(find) you her if you……..(delay)
13. I ………..(tell) him if he …….(come)
14. I …………….(not give) him the book if he doesn’t pay for it.
15. If he……………..(go) his father will be sad.

Conditional clause 2 (if clause 2)

This clause is used to express a condition which is impossible and whose result we are only imagining.

Unlike in if 1 where there is a possibility of the condition being fulfilled in if 2 one is just imagining what would happen if the impossible came true.

In if 2 the condition cannot be fulfilled at all it is just day dreaming

Example

1. If I were you, I wouldn’t eat posho. (It is impossible for one to turn into someone else)
2. If I were God, I would leave man to live forever. (it is impossible for me to become God)

Guidelines on the use of if 2

We use the past simple tense in if clause and a would + a verb in the present tense in the main clause

Example

If I were a king, I would not look poor.

We often use ‘were’ instead of ‘was’ in order to put emphasis on the nature of the impossibility

Example

If he were a snake, he would bite all sinners.

While in the affirmative it remains ….as…….as……

Activity

Ref. Mk precise English grammar pg 145 task 48 numbers 1 – 10

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

An abbreviation is a short form of a word. Full stops are used in abbreviations.

Ag. – acting Mt. mount

am – before noon ( ante meridiem) O.K – all correct

Ave. – Avenue P.S.V – public service vehicle Co. – company Rev. – Reverend

C.O.D – cash on delivery Sec – secretary

Dr. – Doctor Vs. – Versus

i.o.u – I owe you Yr. Year

Ltd – Limited PAYE – Pay as you earn

Ms. – Miss Capt – Captain

P.P – On behalf of P.T.O – Please Turn Over

P.m – afternoon ( Post meridiem) C.A.O – Chief Administrative officer

P.O – Post office L.C – Local council

R.I.P – Rest in peace NARO – National Agricultural ResearchOrganization

R.S.V.P – reply if you can please ( Please reply)

Rd. – road St. Saint

U.P.E – Universal Primary Examination W.e.f – with effect from

URA – Uganda Revenue Authority Viz – namely

Ref. Reference Via – by way of

abbr – abbreviation Cf. – compare

a/c – account do – the same

assn – association dept – department

asst – assistant e.g. – exempli gratia ( for example)

C/o – care of Govt – Government

i.e – that is ( id est) Jr. Junior

CONTRACTION

These are also short forms. A word is shortened using an apostrophe

Is not – isn’t It is – it’s I would – I’d

Cannot – can’t never – ne’ er ought not – oughtn’t

Will not – won’t he is – he’s Do not – don’t

Has not – hasn’t he will not – he won’t should not – shouldn’t

Have not – haven’t I am – I’m over – o’ er

Shall not – shan’t I have – I’ve of the clock – o’clock

Must not – mustn’t I will – I ‘ll wherever – where’re

That is – that’s they will – they’ll you will – you ‘ll

There is – there’s we have – we’ve you are – you’re

Let us – let’s All is – all’s

EVALUATION

Abbreviate the following words.

Thursday ……………………………… Road – …………………..

August ……………………….. By way of – ………………………….

Mistress ………………………………. That is …………………………..

Limited ……………………………….

Gentlemen ……………………………..

afternoon ……………………………

Please Turn over ……………………….

Write in full

U.N.E.B ………………………….. R.S.V.P – …………………………..

M.P – ………………………. Capt – ………………….

I’m – …………………………. B.C – ………………………….

U.P.E – …………………………. There’s – …………………………..

Complete each sentence by using the correct word chosen from the brackets

1. A dog wags ………………………..tall when …………………….pleased. ( its , It’s)

2. The teacher asked …………………….fountain pen it was. ( who’s , whose )

3. I ……………………………….got your cricket ball. ( haven’t, ain’t )

4. Tony thinks …………………………. a lovely little puppy. (its, it’s )

5. That’s the boy …………………………father was injured. ( who’s , whose)

6. I hope you ……………………………….wet. ( ain’t , aren’t )

7. We want to know …………………………to pay for the outing. ( who’s , whose )

8. Robert ………………………….like swimming. ( doesn’t , don’t)

9. …………………………… to say ………………….fault it is? ( who’s whose )

10. They …………………. come to our house very often now. ( doesn’t , don’t )

ASPECT: JUNIOR ENGLISH

SIMILES

When a description of something or someone is made in comparison to something else. We call that kind of comparison a simile. They shoe special characteristics and qualities of things.

Examples

As ageless as the sun as high as heaven

As agile as a money as hot as fire

As alike as two peas as ignorant as a child

As angry as a wasp as impatient as a lover

As bare as a stone as innocent as a lamb

As black as coal as jealous as a cat

As blind as a bat as large as life

As busy as a bee/ants as lazy as a toad

As bright as a new silver coin as light as a feather

As brittle as a glass as loud as thunder

As brown as a berry as low as the grave

As careless as wind as mean as a miser

As clean as a new pin as merciless as a grave

As cold as ice as abstinate as a mule

As cool as cucumber as old as the hills

As crafty as a fox as patient as job

As cunning as a fox as peaceful as sleep

As cruel as death as playful as a kitten

As cunning as a fox as poor as a church mouse

As dead as a door nail as proud as a peacock

As deaf as a door post as quick as lightening

As deep as the sea as quite as a mouse

As delicious as a forbidden fruit as rare as a blue rose

As dry as a bone as round as an orange

As dump as a mouse as secret as a thought

As easy as ABS as lifeless as stones

As empty as space as serious as a doctor

As fast as light as sharp as a razor blade

As fat as a pig as sick as a dog

As flat was a pancake as silent as a grave

As foolish as a calf as slow as a snail

As flesh as daisy as sober as a judge

As friendly as a puppy as solid as rocks

As glad as a fly as steady as a rock

As gloomy as night as strong as an ox

As good as gold as sweet as honey

As graceful as the swam as swift as a deer

As green as grass as tall as a giant

As hairless as an egg as timid as a rabbit

As hairy as a gorilla as thick as thieves

As handsome as paint as thin as a stick

As happy as a king as ugly as a sin

As harmless as a dove as useful as a cow

As hasty as a dove as voiceless as a tomb

As heavy as lead/elephant as warm as wool

As weak as water

As wise as an owl

As white as snow

As wise as king Solomon

EVALUATION

Complete the following exercise

1. as …………………as an owl. 11. as green as ……………………..

2. as sweet as …………………… 12. as busy as ………………………….

3. as soft as …………………………….. 13. as black as …………………………..

4. as sharp as …………………………… 14. as ………………..as a horse

5. as …………………………as a feather. 15. as warm as …………………………….

6. as ………………………as a kitten 16. as …………………………as a grave.

7. as fat as ……………………………….. 17. as ……………………….as a giant.

8. as ……………………as lighting 18. as happy as …………………….. .

9. as blind as …………………………… 19. as ………………………..as a snail.

10. as …………………………as ice 20. as hot as ………………………… .

COMPREHENSION

UNIT 7 AND 8: LETTER WRITING

Vocabulary practice

Invite, letter, envelope, address, card, occasion, party, guest, host, hostess, ceremony, affection, sincerely, yours, dear, sender, receiver, writer, from, reply

Using vocabulary words to construct meaningful sentences

Reading a letter and answering questions about the letter Mk primary English Bk5 new curriculum pg 96

Writing personal leters

Steps to follow (using block method)

Writer’s address

Date

Greeting / salutation e.g. Dear John

Body (message to the addressee)

Ending the letter e.g. your friend,

Signature (name of writer in small letters)

Rearranging the jumbled letter (Mk primary English bk5 new curriculum pg 99 – 100)

Reading and answering questions from an invitation letter. Mk primary English book 5 old curriculum pg 163

Designing an invitation card

Communication

The post office

Vocabulary

Aerogramme, box rental, directory, letter box, letter slot, mail, money order, package, parcel, private box, post, post office, registered letter, stamp, telegram

Using the vocabulary word to make meaningful sentences

Passage

What is a post office? (Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 114 – 115)

structures using; ……needn’t ……/need to……

Guided composition

Posta Uganda pg 116

Dialogue

Do we still need the post office? MK bk5 new curriculum pg 111

The telephone

Vocabulary

Airtime, airtime card, call, fixed line, handset, landline, load, mobile telephone, network mast, receiver, subscribers, identification, module, sim card, teleface, telephone, telephone directory, tokens

Using the vocabulary words to construct sensible sentences

Structures: Using : …..enough …..to

Passage

The telephone Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 130

Poem

Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 149

Guided composition

A mobile phone Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 132

Dialogue

The mobile phone Mk bk 5 new curriculum pg 129 – 130

The internet

Vocabulary

Email, website, surfing, computer, internet, google, internet explorer, delete, save, open, scroll, search, log, folder, service fee, page, sign in, sign out, café, virus, yahoo, search engine

Using the vocabulary words to construct sensible sentences

Structures: Using What……? Using: too…to, using: in order

Passage

The internet Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 152 – 153

Guided composition

The internet Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 154

Reading the email message and answering questions Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 150

CULTURE

NATIONALITIES

Vocabulary

American, Brazilian, English, French, German, Indian, Rwandan, Kenyan, Japanese, Scottish, Sudanese, Tanzanian, Ugandan

Using vocabulary words to construct meaningful sentences

Structures: Using ……because, using: ….is/was, using: …as…

Passage

A feast for all nationalities MK bk5 new curriculum pg 163 – 164

Guided conversation

Mk primary bk5 new curriculum pg 167

Dialogue

Mk bk 5 old curriculum pg 145

Languages

Vocabulary

Chinese, English, French, German, Ibo, Lumasaba, Ateso, Kinyarwanda, Kiswahili, Latin, Lingala, Luo, Runyakitara, Luganda, Lusoga,

Using the given vocabulary to make sentences

Passage

The concert day MK bk5 new curriculum pg 182 – 183

Guided composition

Mk bk 5 new curriculum pg 184

Dialogue

Learn many languages Mk bk 5 new curriculum pg 181

P.5 ENGLISH LESSON NOTES TERM III

SPEECHES

There are two types of speeches; direct and indirect speech

Direct speech

In direct speech, one reports using the actual words of the speaker

It is made of two parts

The speech tag

The actual words used. These actual words used always start with a capital letter and must be between quotation marks

Examples

I said(speech tag) – “I am learning English now” (actual words)

He says speech tag) – “Don’t eat this food” (Actual words)

INDIRECT SPEECH

In indirect speech one reports but not using the actual words of the speaker.

It is made of three parts

The speech tag

The conjunction joining word)

The said words

Examples

1. I said that I was learning English then.
2. She says that she eats meat every Sunday
3. We can change from direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa

Words that change when changing from direct to indirect speech

Direct Indirect

This that

These those

Here there

Now then

Ago before

Today that day

Tomorrow the next day/ following day

Yesterday precious day/ day before

Last previous

Come go

Bring take

I he/she

We they

My his/her

Our their

Am was

Will /shall would

May might

Can could

You her/they/him

Are were

Must had to

Must not was not to/ were not to

Me her/him

Us them

NB: If a word is already given in its changed form, you leave it as it is i.e. take remains ‘take’

Changing statements from direct to indirect speech

Reporting statements in present simple tense

If the speech tag is in present simple tense, the said words should also remain in present simple tense

Examples

Direct: He says, “I eat meat everyday”

Indirect: He says that he eats meat every day.

Direct: They say “we drink water everyday”

Indirect: They say that they drink water everyday

Examples

If the speech tag is in past simple tense. The said words should be changed to the past simple tense

1. He said “I eat meat every day” (direct)

   He said that he ate meat every day (indirect )

2. They said :we drink water every day. (direct)

   They said that they drank water every day

Activity

Change the sentence below to indirect speech

1. She says, “I bring this pen every Tuesday.”
2. The girls say, “We dress well every Monday.”
3. The man says, “these wasps sting us every day”
4. The patients say, “we don’t take medicine everyday
5. She said, “I bring this pen every Tuesday
6. The girls said, “we dress well every Monday”
7. The man said, “these wasps sting us every day
8. The patients said, “we don’t take medicine every day

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present continuous tense changes to past continuous and “now” changes to “then” “today” changes to “that day”

Examples

1. He said, “I am drinking this water now. (DIRECT)

He said that he was drinking that water them. ( INDIRECT)

2. “I am taking these books home now,” Jane said. (INDIRECT)

Jane said that she was taking those books home then.

1. The patients say, “we are taking medicine”

   The patients say that they are taking that medicine

2. Jane said, “I am taking these books now”

   Jane said that she was taking those books then

Activity:

Change from direct to indirect speech

1. The headmaster said, “I am going to Masaka now.”
2. The classmonitor said, “I am collecting books after this lesson”
3. The actor said, “we are bringing this play here”
4. They said, “we are taking this car now”
5. She said, “Joan is sleeping in the classroom today”
6. The hunter said, “I am hunting for wild animals there?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense changes to past perfect tense.

Examples:

1. The teacher said, “I have spoken to you about your dressing.” (DIRECT)

The teacher said that he/she had spoken to her/him/me about her/his/my dressing. (INDIRECT)

Activity

Change from direct to indirect speech

1. They said, “we have spoilt this desk”
2. Birungi says, “she has lost her name infront of all these people”
3. She said, “I have gone this afternoon”
4. The girl said, “this dog has bitten this baby today”
5. The priest said, “I have received this gift from my friend
6. His sister said, Mary has not recovered her money”

PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Past simple tense changes to past perfect tense.

Example:

1. She said, “The hen laid this egg last week.” (DIRECT)

She said that the hen had laid that egg the previous week. (INDIRECT)

ACTIVITY:

Change from direct to indirect speech

1. Pearl said, “he sang a song well yesterday”
2. He said, “my brother passed PLE last year”
3. She said, “I began this journey from my home
4. The lazy boy said, “I didn’t finish the homework”
5. The badly behaved girl said, “I abused my friend yesterday”
6. The class monitor said, “I collected the books last week

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

“Will” or ” shall” changes to “would’

Example

1. He will marry me” said Rachel . Rachel said that he would marry her
2. “We shall go there next week” said the nurse
3. The nurse said that they would go there the following week.
4. She said, “she will not finish her exams next year”

Activity

Change from direct to indirect speech

1. The pupils said, “we shall go back tomorrow”
2. My uncle will go to America, said Percy
3. Rose and Sarah said, we shall bring this luggage to your home
4. The policeman said, “we shan’t tolerate any wrong doer”
5. She said, “I shall see him tomorrow”

PREPOSITIONS

What is a preposition?

This is a short word which is used after verbs, adjectives or nouns so as to show the relationship between the subject and the object of the sentence

Examples

Of, to , in , into, through, against, from, for, by, with, about, at, away, out, upon, on, under, along, since, down, round

Note

Prepositions are used according to the meaning they give

They are divided into the following preposition of time, prepositions of place, prepositions of movement

Examples of prepositions of time

For – period of time an action spends

Since – the point of time from which an action starts

At – exact point of time

In – period of time

On – days and dates

Examples of prepositions of place

In – relates to the location of something / somebody being with in an area e.g. he lives in Kampala

At – something at a certain plan e.g. We met at the bank

Examples of prepositions of movement

These describe movement or action. They may follow a verb of movement like walk, run, drive, sail, jump, climb, fly etc

They include; to, into, through, from, past, along, across etc

Note:

Some prepositions consist of more than one word these are called prepositional phrases

Examples in spite of , in front of, run off with

Once a preposition is followed by a pronoun the pronoun must be the objective case

Examples include; after him, with them, between you and me, before her

There are some words it is ot a must to use one preposition

We can use two or more prepositions at different times depending on the subject, object or the intended meaning

Examples; I agree with you (referring to a person) we agreed to it (referring to a thing or issue)

COMMON PREPOSITIONS

Ref. Mk precise English grammar pg 172 – 175

Activity

Use for , since, on, in, by, or at where necessary in the blank spaces below

1. The gulf war started ………1986
2. I have been sick ……….last Monday
3. They have lived in Kenya ……..a decade
4. Peter has been waiting ……….her
5. Our school opened………1987
6. He will have died……….next week
7. She passed ……..me at the constitutional square
8. They were in Kabale ……..ten o’clock
9. We learn science……….. Friday
10. He often leaves………..the afternoon
11. He is interested……….reading newspaper
12. She met me……..the way
13. The train arrived…………time
14. He came ………bus
15. Somebody is knocking…….the door

Fill in the correct preposition

1. Girls are normally good……..mathematics
2. The glass of water was full ………..poison
3. The car knocked …………two pupils last week
4. I borrowed money…….Theodoro
5. She was absent …….school yesterday
6. A dozen consists …………..twelve items
7. John is fond …….beating his friend
8. Villa succeeded …………defeating express yesterday
9. Dr. Julius Nyerere died………cancer
10. Mary got married……….Andrew
11. He divided the mango ………..two parts
12. Cain was jealous ……..his brother Abel
13. Annet was guilty…………murder.
14. I don’t believe……………life after death
15. I never waited……..Tom

Use the right preposition to complete these sentences correctly

1. The headmaster handed……the books to their owners.
2. We have finished our prayers, turn…..that radio
3. May you please turn…….that radio so that we can pray
4. Nurses look ……….sick people
5. Look……….that word in the dictionary
6. He has given…………..the habit of smoking
7. She cut……all the trees.
8. Paul should be advised to get……as quickly as possible
9. The thieves broke……..his house last night
10. I have been looking ………my money since last night

MODAL VERBS (MK Precise PP 152)

Modal verbs are special groups of verbs which go before the main verb.

Modal verbs talking about ability.

Examples

1. Minge can drive

Minge knows how to drive

2. I can speak French

I know how to speak French

Activity

Rewrite the following sentences in negative.

1. Tom can swim

2. The headmaster can play tennis.

3. He could play football when he was young.

4. Those boys can help us.

5. They should wash those plates.

Modal verbs talking about permission.

Examples

1. Can I use your pen, please?

Yes of course

2. Could I sit down here, please?

Yes of course

No, I am afraid not.

3. May I come in?

Yes, of course

No, I’m afraid not

Model verbs taking about request.

Examples

1. Can you help me please?

2. Could you answer the phone, please?

3. Would you post this letter, Please?

Activity

Revision English Pgs 44 – 45

Modal verbs about obligation

Obligation simply refers to rules, orders or duties.

We use: must, have to, should, ought to etc

Examples

1. It’s late. You must do your homework.

2. You should help me push this wheelbarrow.

3. You ought to get a job.

4. You must stay in bed.

5. If there are no rules, orders or duties use: You don’t have to.

Modal talking about necessity

If you want to talk about things it is necessary to use. “I have to ….,

I must …….or I need to …….

Examples

Sentences and their meanings

1. he has to walk to school.

(It is necessary for him to walk to school)

2. I must get a new passport.

(It is necessary for me to get a new passport

3. I need to buy some petrol.

(It is necessary for me to buy some petrol)

4. He had to go to hospital.

(It was necessary for us to go to hospital.

NB If there is no necessity use: I don’t need to …..or I don’t have to ……..

Examples

1. You don’t have to run, you are not late.

( It is not necessary for you to run because you are not late)

2. You don’t need to get there till 9 o’clock.

( It is not necessary to get there before 9 o’clock)

3a) We mustn’t run.

( We are not allowed to run)

b) We don’t have to run.

( It is not necessary for us to run)

Modal verbs talking about probability

If you want to talk about the chances (risks) of something happening or not happening you can use: may, could, might, but not can.

Examples

1. It could rain tomorrow.

2. It may crash.

3. We might win.

You may put not after may and might for the negative.

Examples

She may not come.

They might not like it.

ACTIVITY: Learners construct oral and written using

Modals talking about possibility

You use can / could to say that situations or events are / were possible.

Examples

1. It can be quite cold in April.

2. Smoking can damage your health.

3. It could be very lonely on the island in those days.

NB: You can ask question about how possible things are with can / could.

Can this be true? Could it happen?

You can also ask.

Do you think…………..will…………..?

Example

Do you think they’ll come?

Modal verbs used when making offers.

If you want to do something for somebody, e.g help somebody or buy somebody a drink, you can say:

Shall I …………………?

Can I ………………….?

Would you like ………………?

Examples

1. I’ll carry that for you.

2. Shall I do the washing up?

3. Can I give you a lift?

4. Would you like a cup of coffee?

You can answer these questions with

Thank you

Yes, please

No, thank you

No, thanks

More examples

1. I’ll pay for this – Thank you.

2. Shall I open the window? – Yes, please.

Modal verbs giving advice

If you want to advise someone what to do

Can say

You must …………

You should…………………

You ought to ………………….

“Must is stronger than “should” and “ought to”

Examples

1. You must buy a new suitcase.

2. You should be more careful.

3. You ought to eat more fruit.

If you want to advise somebody not to do something you can say:

You must not …. ( mustn’t) ……

You should not ( shouldn’t) …..

Examples

1. You mustn’t smoke so much.

2. You shouldn’t ask so many questions.

NB: “Mustn’t” is stronger than “shouldn’t”

“Oughtn’t” is very uncommon.

CONJUNCTIONS

As soon as/ immediately / the moment

Examples

1. The dog started barking when it saw us
2. As soon as the dog saw us it started barking
3. The dog started barking as soon as it saw us
4. Immediately the dog saw us it started barking
5. The dog started barking immediately it saw us
6. The moment the dog barking the moment it saw us

Activity

Use as soon as / immediately / the moment at the beginning and in the middle of the sentence

1. When the president arrived, it started raining.
2. The teacher left the classroom. The children began shouting
3. My father opened the door. The thief entered the house
4. I saw a snake when I entered my bedroom
5. John run to the bush on seeing his father
6. The guest of honour arrived and the national anthem was sung.
7. When the baby saw her long lost mother she started crying
8. As he switched on the Tv he got a serous shock
9. He died instantly after being shot at
10. The rebels crossed the border. The army ambushed them

……..and so…….

This structure is used with affirmative sentences

Examples

Mum sent me a birthday gift. Dad sent me a birthday gift

Mum sent me a birthday gift and so did Dad

Wasswa can drive a car. Kato can also drive a car

Wasswa can drive a car and so can Kato

The teacher is going on a tour. The pupils are going on a tour

The teacher is going on a tour and so are the pupils.

Activity

Use:……and so….. in these sentences

1. Peter is a lazy pupil. Mary is a lazy pupil
2. Jesca wants something to drink. Ritah wants something to drink
3. The boys do their work well. The girls do their work well
4. Annet has gone home. Tom has gone home
5. The doctor has a car. The nurses also have cars
6. Mother is going to the market. Other ladies are going to the market
7. Gilbert ate an apple. Henry ate an apple
8. The men have finished their work. The women have finished their work
9. Musa is going to school. Ali is going to school
10. The dog was killed. The cat was killed

…….and neither……

The structure is used with negative statements

Examples

1. Peter will not give you the money. James will not give you the money

   Peter will not give you the money and neither will James

2. They don’t eat meat everyday. We don’t eat meat everyday

   They don’t eat every day and neither do we

3. Moses is not allowed to come in Simon is not allowed come in

   Moses is not allowed to come in and neither is Simon

Activity

Use…..and neither……/ in these statements

1. The baby did not drink the milk. Paul did not drink the milk.
2. The cat could not sleep. The dog could not sleep
3. Our teacher will not go to the party. Our headmaster will not go to the party
4. A cow is not dangerous. A goat is not dangerous
5. Kijambu was not a good lawyer. Kyeye was not a good lawyer
6. Nathan does not eat pork. I do not eat pork
7. Mercy has not failed the test. Moses has not failed the test
8. The sea is not shallow. The lake is not shallow
9. Peter did not go to the market. Amon did not go to the marked
10. You must not smoke. She must not smoke

The ………the …….(double comparative)

We use two clauses where each starts with the followed by an adjective in comparative degree

Examples

1. As you go high, it becomes cool
2. The higher you go, the cooler it becomes
3. When you grow old, you become wise
4. The older you grow, the wiser you become
5. If it is done soon, it will be good
6. The sooner it is done, the better it will be

Activity

Use ..the ….the….in these sentences

1. If you do little work, you will get little money
2. When they give us more food, we shall become happy
3. If the chairs are comfortable they will have a big market
4. When the shop grew big, the business became busy
5. When the sun shines more it becomes hot
6. If your goods are not important they will be cheap
7. As you stood far, you became small
8. If you come early you will be busy
9. Let the food be expensive you will pay more money
10. However much the teacher talked, I didn’t understand
11. Kwizera is strong. He won’t be defeated
12. The headmaster has many words and his talk will take us far

………looking forward to……

Examples

The P7 pupils will do their PLE in November

The P7 pupils are looking forward to doing their PLE in November

Ntambi will visit his relatives next month

Ntambi is looking forward to visiting his relatives next month

Activity

Use ……..looking forward to …in these sentences

1. I shall come back tomorrow
2. The children will complete their work in time
3. We shall be leaving for Nairobi next week
4. I shall be sitting my final examinations next month
5. The boy will clean the blackboard after the lesson
6. Elizabeth will get a big prize at the party
7. If the pupils will attend the headmaster’s birthday party
8. We shall receive our letters tomorrow morning
9. The patients will recover before next week
10. They will be learning French next year
11. We shall go to P6 next term
12. I will inform him about our plan

…….as long as…./ …..so long as…../ ……..provided….

Examples

1. You will catch the earliest bus if you wake up early
2. As long as you wake up early, you will catch the earliest bus
3. You will catch the earliest bus as long as you wake up early
4. So long you wake up early you will catch the earliest bus.
5. You will catch the earliest bus so long as you wake up early
6. Provided you wake up early, you will catch the earliest bus
7. You will catch the earliest bus provided you wake up early

Activity

Use as long as/ so long as/ provided both at the beginning and in the middle of these sentences

1. If Juma comes we shall go with him
2. Metals expand if you heat them
3. If you get a first grade you will join a good school
4. I shall buy a car when I get money
5. If he goes his father will be sad
6. Geoffrey will find you here if you delay
7. If you come early, you will pass with no punishment
8. The road will be muddy if it rains heavily
9. If that girl misbehaves the headteacher will expel her

Not only………but also

Examples

The goat is sick. It has a broken leg

Not only is the goat sick but also has a broken leg

The goat is not only sick but also has a broken leg

He is my best friend. He is my agemate

Not only is he my agemate but also my best friend

He is not only my best fried but also my agemate

Activity

Use not only………but also both at the beginning and in the middle of these sentence

1. Cows provide us with milk. They give us hides
2. The robbers stoles his money. They killed him
3. They picked the money. They took all of it
4. The soldier shot him. The soldier killed him
5. The boys watched the play on the stage. The boys watched the play on a screen
6. He ate beef. He ate chicken
7. Nkanji is a lawyer
8. Forest give us timber. Forests give us herbs
9. He caned the thief. He handed him over to the police
10. She respects her teacher. She respects her class monitor

Hardly had…./ scarcely / barely had. No sooner had

Examples

Musa stood up immediately the bell rank

Hardly had the bell run when Musa stood up

Scarcely had the bell run when Musa stood up

PROVERBS

Proverbs are popular sayings in a clever brief manner.

Examples

1. A bad workman blames with his tools.

2. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

3. A drowning man will clutch at a straw.

4. A fool and his money are soon parted.

5. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

6. A hungry man is an angry man.

7. All’s well that ends well.

8. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

9. Any time means no time.

10. A miss is as good as a mile.

11. A penny saves is a penny gained.

12. A tolling stone gathers no moss.

13. A stitch in time saves nine.

14. A small leak will sink a great ship.

15. As you make your bed so you must lie in it.

16. A wild goose never laid a tame egg.

17. Half a loaf is better than no bread.

18. Better late than never.

19. Birds of the same feather flock together.

20. Charity begins at home but should not end there.

21. Cut your coat according to your cloth.

22. Don’t carry all your eggs in one basket.

23. Early to bed, early to rise.

24. Every cloud has a silver lining.

25. Every dog has its day.

26. Exchange is no robbery.

27. Fine feathers make fine birds.

28. First come , first served.

29. Forbidden fruit tastes sweetest.

30. Great minds think alike.

31. Half a loaf is better than non.

32. Little boys should be seen not heard.

33. Laugh and grow fat.

34. Habit is second nature.

35. Listeners hear no good of themselves.

36. Let not the pot call the kettle black.

37. Look before you leap.

38. Make hay while the sun shines.

39. Necessity is the mother of invention.

40. New brooms sweep clean.

41. No news is good news.

42. No smoke without fire.

43. One good turn deserves another.

44. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.

45. Out of sight, out of mind.

46. Out of the frying pan into the fire.

47. Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gender.

48. Set a thief to catch a thief.

49. Still waters run deep.

50. The early bird catches the worm

51. Too many cooks spoil the broth.

52. Two heads are better than one.

53. Where there’s a will there’s a way.

54. When the cat’s a way the mice will play.

The sentences in group A are the beginning of ten proverbs. Give each beginning in group A its correct ending in group B.

A B

1. Prevention is without pain

2. Out of frying pan is no robbery

3. Better be alone according to your cloth

4. A rolling stone better than cure.

5. Exchange and spoil the child.

6. Spare the rod into fire

7. One good turn the mice will play.

8. When the cat is away gathers no moss

9. No gains than ill company

10. cut your coat deserves another

Complete the following proverbs

a. ………………………………………..saves nine.

b. Empty tins ……………………………………………………

c. …………………………………………………..is enough.

d. ……………………………………..makes perfect.

e. All is well ………………………………………………………………. .

f. ………………………………………………seldom bite.

g. A fool and his money ……………………………………………………

h. …………………………………………………………..is the mother of invention.

i. Actions ……………………………………………………………………. .

j. ………………………………………..is better than riches.

Find a suitable proverb to summarise each of the stories below.

a. When Mary joined our school last term, she was very poor at spoken English. Although many pupils laughed at her mistakes, she kept on trying over and over again. After one year, she is now the best English speaker at school.

Proverb: ………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. Mugisha started collecting used clothes give to the poor. He thought he would not get a big collection. He collected a few clothes each month but after to years, he now has a big collection of used clothes.

Proverbs: …………………………………………………………………………….

c. Obonyo used to steal our books and pens from our bags. When our class teacher talked to him about the evils of being a thief, he stopped the bad habit.

Proverbs: ………………………………………………………………………………………..

d. Most of the girls in our class said thet Birungi didn’t know how to play netball. But Birungi said that she would not argue with them. “Let us go to the netball pitch and play, then you will see whether I know netball or not” said Birungi. At the end of the match, Birungi was selected as the best netball in the school.

Proverb: ………………………………………………………………………………………….

SYNONYMS

Abandon – leave denounce – condemn

Abbreviate – shorten desert – forsake

Abrupt – sudden diminish – lessen

Abundant – plentiful drowsy – sleepy

Accurate – correct edible – eatable

Ample – plentiful encircle – surround

Annual – yearly endeavour – attempt

Assistance – help energetic – active

Brief – short enormous – huge

Cease – stop excavate – dig

Centre – middle frigid – cold

Circular – round generous – kind

Commence – begin gratitude – thankfulness

Compel – force grave – serious

Comprehend – understand indolent – lazy

Conceal – hide industrious – busy

Courteous – polite insane – mad

Deceive – cheat intention – purpose

Deficiency – shortage interior – inside

Demonstrate – show intoxicated – drunk

Lubricate – oil peruse – read

Margin – edge procure – obtain

Maximum – most prohibit – forbid

Minimum – least prompt – quick

Moist – damp rare – scarce

Motionless – still reckless – rash

Necessity – need recollect – remember

Odour – smell regret – sorrow

Omen – sign reluctant – un willing

Option – choice reveal – show

Pathetic – pitiful scanty – scarce

Penetrate – pierce slender – slim

Perceive – see stationary – still

Sufficient – enough unite – join

Wealthy – rich youth – young

Pretty – beautiful tested – tried

Courageous – brave

EVALUATION

Re – write the sentences using a simpler word in place of each underlined word.

1. Her rings were abundant in the North sea.

2. A heavy meal tend to make one drowsy.

3. Every Saturday Dennis lubricates his bicycle.

4. The bungalow has been vacant for sometime.

5. The minister of finance reads the budget annually.

6. “Don’t conceal that information,” said the policeman

7. Last year’s P.L.E was very difficult.

8. What is the maximum temperature of a day in a desert?

9. AIDS has no remedy.

Write the words similar in meaning to the following.

11. Perceive 12. obstinate

13. reluctant 14. rare

15. prohibit 16. demonstrate

17. deceive 18. brief

19. ample 20. comprehend

HOMOPHONES

Homophones are words pronounced in the same way but differ in meaning.

Example

Break – brake right -write tail – tale

Meat – meet read – reed steal – steel

Bare – bear practice – practice weak – week

Blew – blue sell – sale through – threw

Cell – sell oar – ore their – there

Dairy – diary missed – mist pray – prey

Stationery – stationary fair – fare peace – piece

Scene – seen dear – deer sew – sow

See – sea led – lead

Use the following words in your own sentences to show that you understand their meanings.

1. peace 7. hour 11. sun 15. week

2. piece 8. our 12. son 16. weak

3. root 9. there 13. die 17. hymn

4. route 10. their 14. dye 18. him

5. knew

6. new

20. practice

ANALOGIES

Analogies are words which show some similarity.

Example

1. Cat is to kitten as sheep is to lamb.

2. Sheep are to flock as wolves are to pack.

3. Dog is to paw as horse is to hoof.

4. Food is to famine as water is to drought.

5. Uncle is to nephew as aunt is to niece

6. Husband is to wife as king is to queen.

7. Nose is to smell as tongue is to taste.

8. Knife is to cut as gun is to shoot.

9. Walk is to legs as fly is to wings.

10. Arrow is to bow as bullet is to rifle.

11. Father is to son as mother is to daughter.

12. Water is to food as liquid is to solid.

13. Rich is to poor as ancient is to modern.

14. Trees is to forest as sheep is to flock.

15. Whisper is to shout as walk is to run.

16. Hearing is to ear as sight is to eye.

17. Statue is to sculptor as book is to author.

18. Table is to wood as window is to plane.

19. Bee is to hive as cow is to byre.

20. One is to dozen as dozen is to gross.

EVALUATION

1. Boy is to girl as ………………………is to girl guide.

2. Kampala is to Uganda as Kigali is to ……………………….

3. Cow is to beef as pig is to ……………………………………….

4. Calf is to elephant as …………………………..is to goat.

5. Oval is to egg as ………………………….is to orange

6. Steam is to ……………………………………… as smoke is to fire.

7. Eat is to ……………………………..as go as to went.

8. Day is to week as …………………………….is to year.

9. Flock is to ………………………………as herd is to cattle.

10. Drive is to car as ………………………………is to aeroplane.

11. ………………………..is to cols as seldom is to often.

12. ………………………………is to donkey as neigh is to horse.

13. …………………………..are to birds as scales are to fish.

14. Wing is to bird as fin is to ………………………………….

15. North is to …………………………………as east is to west.

Using ” When did ……?

From questions to the given statements.

Examples

1. When did Musa pin up the information on the notice board?

Musa pinned up the information on the noticeboard on Monday.

COMPREHENSION UNIT6 AND 7

PEACE AND SECURITY

Vocabulary

Peace, security, judge, magistrate, report, statement, offence, offend, handcuff, crime, cell, arrest, court, police station, police post, army, barracks, case, court, witness, defense, gun, arrows

Using the vocabulary words to construct meaningful sentences

Passage

Report to the police for help Mk bk5 new curriculum pg 204 – 206

Guided composition

Keeping law and order Mk bk new curriculum pg 208

Dialogue

Speak out! Mk bk 5 new curriculum pg 203

SERVICES UNIT 8

Banking

Vocabulary

Account, ATM card, automated teller, machine, balance, bank, bank manager, bank statement, bounce, cashier, cheque, credit, deposit, withdraw, withdrawal form, forge, pass book, safe, teller, bank book, save, cheque book, savings, money

Using the vocabulary words to construct meaningful sentences

Passage

My own bank account Mk bk 5 new curriculum pg 221

Bankslip Mk bk5 old curriculum page 210

Dialogue

Keep your money in the right place Mk bk 5 new curriculum pg 220